基本信息
【書名 】《簡明岩石學》
【作者】 李昌年
【ISBN】 978-7-5625-2509-7
【印次】 1版1次
【開本】 16K 【編輯】 張曉紅等
【字數】 308千字
【日期】 2010-09-01
【定價】 25.00元 【專業】 地質鑽探、礦產資源勘查
【系列】 高等學校教材
【類型】 地學、資源類教材
【出版社】中國地質大學出版社
內容提要
這是一本真正意義的不用顯微鏡岩石學教科書。該教材是為從未學過《結晶學及礦物學》、《晶體光學》和《光性礦物學》等課程的非地質學專業類本科學生學習岩石學而編寫的,旨在指導學生使用最常規和簡便的三小件(小刀、放大鏡和鎯頭)進行岩石標本和露頭的觀察、描述和鑑定。?
全書除緒言外共分5章。內容包括:在簡述造岩礦物預備知識的基礎上著重介紹火成岩、沉積岩和變質岩的基本知識、分類命名、觀察描述思路和肉眼鑑定方法;書中初涉一些岩石學基本理論,但可在巨觀觀察中逐漸認知而不必通過顯微鏡研究驗證;書中最後一章的野外岩石學工作方法可以說是筆者多年從事岩石學教學和科學研究的積累和經驗體會的總結,這有助於把自然界孤立的岩石手標本置於地質體系統的時空坐標內進行思考。?
本教科書體系結構合理、概念知識新穎、涉及內容豐富、觀察思路嚴謹、鑑定方法適用,不僅能作為地質工程、資源勘察工程、岩土、地球物理和勘查技術工程等專業本科生的岩石學教材,而且可供地質生產單位和科學研究機構技術和研究人員及研究生在從事野外地質工作時參考。?
本書目錄
緒 言···························· (1)
一、岩石和岩石學····················· (1)
(一)岩石···························· (1)
(二)岩石學··························· (2)
二、岩石的分布····················· (2)
(一)地球····························· (2)
(二)地外物質···················· (4)
三、岩石學的研究意義································ (5)
(一)勘查礦物和能源資源·························· (5)
(二)尋找水資源················· (6)
(三)工程地質工作基礎·············· (7)
(四)研究地球的組成和演化····················· (7)
第一章 造岩礦物學基礎························· (9)
一、礦物和晶體····················· (9)
(一)礦物····························· (9)
(二)晶體···························· (9)
二、礦物的性質···················· (13)
(一)礦物的化學性質及其分類············· (13)
(二)礦物的物理性質······························ (15)
三、造岩礦物······················ (18)
(一)矽酸鹽礦物··············· (18)
(二)其他化合物的造岩礦物···················· (21)
(三)七種矽酸鹽造岩礦物的鑑定··········· (22)
第二章 火成岩···················· (25)
一、概述································· (25)
(一)岩漿····························· (25)
(二)火成岩························· (28)
二、火成岩的基本特徵和分類····················· (28)
(一)火成岩的物質成分····················· (28)
(二)火成岩的產狀與結構構造············ (34)
(三)分類···························· (43)
三、超鎂鐵-鎂鐵質岩類···························· (45)
(一)超鎂鐵質岩················· (45)
(二)鎂鐵質岩····················· (48)
四、中性-長英質岩類································· (49)
(一)一般特徵························· (49)
(二)岩石定名······················· (49)
(三)主要的岩石類型及其特徵············· (50)
五、噴出岩(熔岩)類···························· (53)
(一)一般特徵················· (53)
(二)岩石定名·················· (53)
(三)主要的岩石類型及其特徵·················· (54)
六、脈岩類························ (57)
(一)一般特徵·············· (57)
(二)岩石定名···················· (57)
(三)主要的岩石類型及其特徵················· (57)
七、漿混岩類························· (60)
(一)概述································ (60)
(二)漿混岩的識別標誌······························· (60)
八、火山碎屑岩類··············· (62)
(一)一般特徵························· (62)
(二)分類命名············ (65)
九、火成岩多樣性原因··························· (66)
(一)岩漿體產狀············ (66)
(二)原始岩漿成分·················· (66)
(三)岩漿演化··············· (67)
第三章 沉積岩············ (71)
一、沉積岩的形成過程···························· (71)
(一)風化作用················ (71)
(二)搬運和沉積作用···························· (73)
(三)成岩作用·················· (77)
二、沉積岩的基本特徵和分類···················· (78)
(一)顏色··················· (78)
(二)物質成分·········· (78)
(三)構造······················ (80)
(四)分類··························· (87)
三、陸源碎屑岩···················· (87)
(一)一般特徵············· (87)
(二)礫岩類····················· (90)
(三)砂岩類························· (93)
(四)粉砂岩類················ (96)
(五)泥質岩類················ (97)
四、內源沉積岩·············· (100)
(一)碳酸鹽岩類·············· (100)
(二)矽質岩類··············· (109)
(三)其他內源沉積岩······················ (112)
第四章 變質岩·············· (115)
一、變質作用····················· (115)
(一)變質作用的方式························· (115)
(二)變質作用的因素························· (117)
(三)變質作用的類型·················· (120)
二、變質岩的基本特徵和分類·············· (122)
(一)物質成分················ (122)
(二)結構······················· (123)
(三)構造····················· (126)
(四)分類···················· (127)
三、動力變質岩·········· (128)
(一)概述···················· (128)
(二)分類和命名············ (128)
(三)主要的岩石類型及其特徵········ (129)
(四)野外識別標誌·············· (131)
四、區域變質岩·············· (131)
(一)概述···················· (131)
(二)分類和命名·············· (131)
(三)主要的岩石類型及其特徵·········· (133)
五、接觸熱變質岩············ (135)
(一)概述······················· (135)
(二)分類和命名··········· (136)
六、混合岩類····················· (137)
(一)概述····················· (137)
(二)物質組成和構造······················ (137)
(三)主要岩石類型及其特徵················ (138)
七、交代變質岩類·················· (140)
(一)概述··························· (140)
(二)主要的岩石類型及其特徵·············· (140)
第五章 野外岩石學··············· (143)
一、岩石的觀察和描述························· (143)
(一)岩石觀察和描述······························ (143)
(二)岩石命名················· (144)
(三)岩石描述實例··························· (144)
二、火成岩····················· (146)
(一)侵入岩(146)
(二)火山岩·········· (163)
三、沉積岩·················· (171)
(一)陸源碎屑岩的工作方法·········· (171)
(二)特殊流體搬運沉積形成的岩石層序················ (173)
(三)層狀岩石的構造特徵及其地層層序新老的指示················ (174)
四、變質岩································ (175)
(一)動力變質岩的幾個問題···················· (175)
(二)變質岩的原岩特徵······················ (176)
(三)變質相分析·············· (177)
(四)變質層狀岩石的野外研究·············· (180)
(五)變質侵入體的野外研究··············· (184)
主要參考文獻················· (186)