配製方法
配製方法有兩種,一種是直接法,即準確稱量基準物質,溶解後定容至一定體積;另一種是標定法,即先配製成近似需要的濃度,再用基準物質或用標準溶液來進行標定。
已知準確濃度的溶液,在容量分析中用作滴定劑,以滴定被測物質。
如果試劑符合基準物質的要求 (組成與化學式相符、純度高、穩定),可以直接配製標準溶液,即準確稱出適量的基準物質,溶解後配製在一定體積的容量瓶內。可由下式計算應稱取的基準物質的重量W:W=ΜV·基準物質的摩爾質量。式中Μ和V分別為所需配製的溶液的摩爾濃度和體積。利用上式可計算出標準溶液的濃度。
如果試劑不符合基準物質的要求,則先配成近似於所需濃度的溶液,然後再用基準物質準確地測定其濃度,這個過程稱為溶液的標定。
詳細說明
已知準確濃度的溶液,在容量分析中用作滴定劑,以滴定被測物質。
如果試劑符合基準物質的要求 (組成與化學式相符、純度高、穩定),可以直接配製標準溶液,即準確稱出適量的基準物質,溶解後配製在一定體積的容量瓶內。可由下式計算應稱取的基準物質的重量W: W=ΜV·基準物質的摩爾質量
式中Μ和V分別為所需配製的溶液的摩爾濃度和體積。利用上式可計算出標準溶液的濃度,例如稱取1.480克基準物質重鉻酸鉀,在250毫升容量瓶內配成溶液,重鉻酸鉀溶液的摩爾濃度為:(圖1)
如果試劑不符合基準物質的要求,則先配成近似於所需濃度的溶液,然後再用基準物質準確地測定其濃度,這個過程稱為溶液的標定。例如氫氧化鈉容易吸收二氧化碳和水,難以提純,為了配製氫氧化鈉標準溶液,只需粗略稱出氫氧化鈉的重量,把它溶解在蒸餾水中,稀釋至所需體積,然後用鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀為基準物質標定氫氧化鈉溶液。例如稱出0.4985克鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀,標定時消耗 24.02毫升氫氧化鈉溶液。已知鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀的摩爾質量為204.2,則氫氧化鈉溶液的摩爾濃度為:(圖2)
標準溶液研製單位
標準溶液有進口標準溶液和國內標準溶液之分,國內的標準溶液有鋼鐵研究總院(北京納克分析儀器有限公司),國家標物中心;國外進口的有美國標準局(NIST)和美國加聯等單位。 其中以美國標準局(NIST)的標準溶液權威性最高,國內標準溶液應與之進行比對溯源後,方可使用
國內無機元素標準溶液一覽表
編號 | 元素符號 | 濃度 | 規格 | 介質 |
GSBG62001-90 | 鋰Li | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62002-90 | 鈹Be | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62003-90 | 硼B | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62004-90 | 鈉Na | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62005-90 | 鎂Mg | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HCl |
GSBG62006-90 | 鋁Al | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62007-90 | 矽Si | 500ppm | 50mL | 1%Na2CO3 |
GSBG62008-90 | 磷P | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62009-90 | 磷P | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62010-90 | 硫S | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62011-90 | 鉀K | 1000ppm | 50mL | H2O |
GSBG62012-90 | 鈣Ca | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HCl |
GSBG62013-90 | 鈧Sc | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62014-90 | 鈦Ti | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%H2SO4 |
GSBG62015-90 | 釩V | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%H2SO4 |
GSBG62016-90 | 釩V | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62017-90 | 鉻Cr | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62018-90 | 錳Mn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%H2SO4 |
GSBG62019-90 | 錳Mn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HNO3 |
GSBG62020-90 | 鐵Fe | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62021-90 | 鈷Co | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HNO3 |
GSBG62022-90 | 鎳Ni | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%HNO3 |
GSBG62023-90 | 銅Cu | 1000ppm | 50mL | 5%H2SO4 |
GSBG62024-90 | 銅Cu | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
GSBG62025-90 | 鋅Zn | 1000ppm | 50mL | 10%HCl |
WELL-GROUP混標
美國加聯提供單標和混標標準溶液,介質都是水質、硝酸、鹽酸等
Element 元素 | Source, Purity, Matrix | Cat. No. 編號 |
Aluminum(鋁) | Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Al metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-10001-1 WPS-10001-2 |
Antimony( 銻 ) | Sb metal, 99.999%, 10%HCl Sb metal, 99.999%, 5% HNO3+Trace HF | WPS-10002-2 WPS-10002-3 |
Arsenic( 砷 ) | As metal, 99.999%,2% HNO3 As metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl As2O3 as As,99.999%, 2%HCL As metal as As,99.999%, 2%NaOH | WPS-10003-1 WPS-10003-2 WPS-10003-6 WPS-10003-7 |
Barium( 鋇 ) | BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 BaCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-10004-1 WPS-10004-2 |
Beryllium( 鈹 ) | Be metal, 99.5%, 2%HNO3 Be metal 99.5%, 2%HCl | WPS-10005-1 WPS-10005-2 |
Bismuth( 鉍 ) | Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3 Bi metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-10006-1 WPS-10006-2 |
Boron( 硼 ) | H3BO3, 99.99%, H2O | WPS-10007-4 |
Cadmium( 鎘 ) | Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HNO3 Cd metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-10008-1 WPS-10008-2 |
Calcium( 鈣 ) | CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HNO3 CaCO3, 99.99+%, 2% HCl | WPS-10009-1 WPS-10009-2 |
Carbon( 碳 ) | Na2C2O4, 99.9+%, H2O | WPS-100071-4 |
Cerium( 鈰 ) | CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 CeO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100010-1 WPS-100010-2 |
Cesium( 鍶 ) | Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 Cs2CO3, 99.99%, 1% HCl | WPS-100011-1 WPS-100011-2 |
Chromium( 鉻 ) | Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Cr metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl Cr metal as Cr+3,99.999%, 2%HCl K2Cr2o as Cr,99.998%, H2O | WPS-100012-1 WPS-100012-2 WPS-100012-6 WPS-100012-7 |
Cobalt( 鈷 ) | Co metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3 Co metal, 99.998%, 2%HCl | WPS-100013-1 WPS-100013-2 |
Copper( 銅 ) | Cu metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Cu metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl | WPS-100014-1 WPS-100014-2 |
Dysprosium( 鏑 ) | Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Dy2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100015-1 WPS-100015-2 |
Erbium( 鉺 ) | Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Er2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100016-1 WPS-100016-2 |
Europium( 銪 ) | Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Eu2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100017-1 WPS-100017-2 |
Gadolinium( 釓 ) | Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Gd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100018-1 WPS-100018-2 |
Gallium( 鎵 ) | Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Ga metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100019-1 WPS-100019-2 |
Germanium( 鍺 ) | (NH4)2 GeF5, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 Ge metal, 99.999%, 5% Oxalic Acid | WPS-100020-1 WPS-100020-5 |
Gold( 金 ) | Au metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100021-2 |
Hafnium( 鉿 ) | Hf metal, 99.9%, 2% HNO3 +0.5%HF | WPS-100022-3 |
Holmium( 鈥 ) | Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Ho2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100023-1 WPS-100023-2 |
Indium( 銦 ) | In metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 In metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100024-1 WPS-100024-2 |
Iridium( 銥 ) | (NH4) 3IrCl6, 99.998%,10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100025-2 |
Iron( 鐵 ) | Fe metal, 99.999,2% HNO3 Fe metal, 99.999,2% HCl | WPS-100026-1 WPS-100026-2 |
Lanthanum( 鑭 ) | La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 La2O3, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100027-1 WPS-100027-2 |
Lead( 鉛 ) | Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HNO3 Pb metal, 99.995%, 2% HCl | WPS-100028-1 WPS-100028-2 |
Lithium( 鋰 ) | Li2CO3, 99.995%, 2% HNO3 LiCl, 99.999%, 1% HCl Li2CO3, 99.5%, 1% HNO3 | WPS-100029-1 WPS-100029-2 WPS-100029-6l |
Lutetium( 鑥 ) | Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HNO3 Lu2O3.99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100030-1 WPS-100030-2 |
Magnesium( 鎂 ) | Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HNO3 Mg metal.99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100031-1 WPS-100031-2 |
Manganese( 錳 ) | Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Mn metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100032-1 WPS-100032-2 |
Mercury( 汞 ) | Hg metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100033-1 |
Molybdenum( 鉬 ) | Mo metal, 99.999%, 2%HCl Mo metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3+HF (NH4) 2 MoO4, 99.999%, H2O | WPS-100034-2 WPS-100034-3 WPS-100034-4 |
Neodymium( 釹 ) | Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Nd2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100035-1 WPS-100035-2 |
Nickel( 鎳 ) | Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Ni metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100036-1 WPS-100036-2 |
Niobium( 鈮 ) | Nb metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100037-3 |
Osmium( 鋨 ) | (NH4) 2 OsCl6, 99.996%, 10%HCl, 100mL | WPS-100070-2 |
Palladium( 鈀 ) | Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3 Pd metal, 99.99%, 5% HCl | WPS-100038-1 WPS-100038-2 |
Phosphorus( 磷 ) | (NH4) H2PO4, 99.95%, 0.05%, HNO3 | WPS-100039-1 |
Platinum( 鉑 ) | Pt metal, 99.99%, 5%HCl | WPS-100040-2 |
Potassium( 鉀 ) | KNO3, 99.999%, 1% HNO3 KCl, 99.99%, 1%HCl | WPS-100041-1 WPS-100041-2 |
Praseodymium( 鐠 ) | Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Pr6O11, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100042-1 WPS-100042-2 |
Rhenium( 錸 ) | Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Re metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100043-1 WPS-100043-2 |
Rhodium( 銠 ) | (NH4) 3 RhCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100044-2 |
Rubidium( 銣 ) | RbNO3, 99.95%, 2% HNO3 RbCl, 99.95%, 2%HCl | WPS-100045-1 WPS-100045-2 |
Ruthenium( 釕 ) | (NH4) 2RuCl6, 99.99%, 10%HCl,100mL | WPS-100046-2 |
Samarium( 釤 ) | Sm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Sm2O3, 99.99%,2% HCl | WPS-100047-1 WPS-100047-2 |
Scandium( 鈧 ) | Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Sc2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100048-1 WPS-100048-2 |
Selenium( 硒 ) | Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Se metal, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100049-1 WPS-100049-2 |
Silicon( 矽 ) | Na2SiO3, 99.99%, H2O (NH4) 2SiF6, 99.99%H2O | WPS-100050-4 WPS-100050-4F |
Silver( 銀 ) | Ag metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100051-1 |
Sodium( 鈉 ) | NaNO3, 99.99%, 1% HNO3 NaCl, 99.98%, 1%HCl | WPS-100052-1 WPS-100052-2 |
Strontium | SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 SrCO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100053-1 WPS-100053-2 |
Sulfur( 硫 ) | H2SO4, 99.999%, H2O | WPS-100054-5 |
Tantalum( 鉭 ) | Ta metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100055-3 |
Tellurium( 碲 ) | Te metal, 99.99%, 2%HCl Te metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.2%HF | WPS-100056-2 WPS-100056-3 |
Terbium( 鋱 ) | Tb4O7, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Tb4O7, 99.99%,2% HCl | WPS-100057-1 WPS-100057-2 |
Thallium( 鉈 ) | Ti metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100058-1 |
Thorium( 釷 ) | ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 ThO2, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100059-1 WPS-100059-2 |
Thulium( 銩 ) | Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 Tm2O3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100060-1 WPS-100060-2 |
Tin( 錫 ) | Sn metal, 99.998%, 20%HCl Sn metal, 99.998%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100061-2 WPS-100061-3 |
Titanium( 鈦 ) | Ti metal, 99.99%, 20%HCl Ti metal, 99.99%, 2% HNO3+0.1%HF | WPS-100062-2 WPS-100062-3 |
Tungsten( 鎢 ) | W metal, 99.99%, 5% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100063-3 |
Uranium | U3O8, 99.968%, 2% HNO3 | WPS-100064-1 |
Vanadium( 釩 ) | NH2VO3, 99.99%, 2% HNO3 NH4VO3, 99.99%, 2% HCl | WPS-100065-1 WPS-100065-2 |
Ytterbium( 鐿 ) | Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3 Yb2O3, 99.99,2% HCl | WPS-100066-1 WPS-100066-2 |
Yttrium( 釔 ) | Y2O3, 99.99,2% HNO3 Y2O3, 99.99,2% HCl | WPS-100067-1 WPS-100067-2 |
Zinc( 鋅 ) | Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HNO3 Zn metal, 99.999%, 2% HCl | WPS-100068-1 WPS-100068-2 |
Zirconium( 鋯 ) | Zr metal, 99.84%, 2% HNO3+0.5%HF | WPS-100069-3 |
研究
中藥標準對照品研究中心集對照品、標準品、標準物質、atcc菌株標準溶液等各類實驗耗材研究於一體的綜合性機構。中藥標準對照品研究中心創立便開始為廣大工作在實驗分析測試的實驗室人員提供國內外眾多單位研製的試劑產品質檢報告及相關技術文檔的查詢服務,建立了相當好的口碑。中心各類產品能夠比較全面、準確、完整地體現中藥標準對照品研究中心的特定職能和技術特徵,中藥標準對照品研究中心具備分析測試、技術開發、物流管理和售後服務等技術性能力,與國內眾多檢測機構、科研院校有著良好和穩定的合作關係,具有一定的權威性和影響力。