拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯

拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯

拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯 (Ralph Vaughan Williams, 1872-1958),英國作曲家。

基本信息

人物生平

拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯 拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯

威廉斯自幼學習鋼琴與小提琴,曾入劍橋大學和皇家音樂院,畢業後當了教堂的琴手與合唱指揮。先後從師於布魯赫和拉威爾學作曲。第一次世界大戰時入伍,退役後一直在皇家音樂院任教。畢生謙遜地工作,品格高尚,待人真誠。深愛民間音樂,曾入居鄉間收集民歌,參加農村的節日和音樂賽會,將人民的音樂語彙融入自己的創作,同時又向都鐸王期的作家和普塞爾的音樂吸取養料,逐步形成了自己的風格。

拉爾夫·沃恩·威廉斯是屬於英國的,就像小酒吧里擲飛鏢和王宮衛隊換班是屬於英國的一樣。1872年10月12日誕生於格羅墨斯特鄔的下安普勒,而後成為聞名全世界的管風琴演奏者和作曲家,並特别致力於研究英國古樂與民謠,將其轉化為新的英格蘭風格,引導了英國音樂廿世紀的復興。他的音樂有英國式的平易、幽默,精力充沛而不失文雅的格調。沃恩威廉斯寫過幾乎所有形式的音樂:九首交響曲鋼琴、小提琴,甚至豎笛協奏曲、彌撒曲、歌劇等等。此外,在一些很短的曲子中,你千萬不要錯過為小提琴與樂團而寫的浪漫曲 (The Lark Ascending) 及綠袖子幻想曲 (Fantasia on "Greensleeves")。

在五十多年間寫出來的交響曲中,最有名的可能是稱為「倫敦」的。這件作品寫於1913年,是屬於標題性的。

代表作品

歌劇

Ralph Vaughan Williams 雕像 Ralph Vaughan Williams 雕像

Hugh the Drover或 Love in the Stocks(1910-20)

Sir John in Love(約翰爵士談戀愛1924-28),即其創作之綠袖子主題幻想曲的來源。

The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29,修訂版為1936-37及1956-57)

Riders to the Sea(海上騎士、騎馬入海的人,1925-32),由約翰·米靈頓·辛奇(John Millington Synge)之劇本改篇。

The Pilgrim's Progress(天路歷程,1909-51),基於約翰·本仁之託寓詩

Old King Cole(大王科爾,1923)

Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞劇《約伯》,1930)

《海洋交響曲》A Sea Symphony(1903-1909)

《倫敦交響曲》A London Symphony(1913)

《田園交響曲》A Pastoral Symphony(1921)

f小調第4號交響曲(1931-34)

D大調第5號交響曲(1938-43)

e小調第6號交響曲(1946-47)

《南極交響曲》Sinfonia Antartica(1949-52)(基於Scott of the Antarctic這套1948年的電影)

d小調第8號交響曲(1953-55)

e小調第9號交響曲(1956-57)

《在郊野的沼澤上》In the Fen Country(1904)

《第1諾福克幻想曲》Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1(1906,1914修訂)

《黃蜂》The Wasps,阿里斯托芬式組曲(1909)

《泰利斯主題幻想曲》Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis(1910,1913及1919修訂)

《綠袖子幻想曲》Fantasia on "Greensleeves"(1934)

《迪夫與拉沙羅的五個變奏曲》Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus(1939)

《大協奏曲》Concerto Grosso(1950)

鋼琴

C大調鋼琴協奏曲(1926-31)

雙鋼琴協奏曲(1946,為上者之重製)

小提琴

《雲雀高飛》The Lark Ascending,為小提琴和管弦樂所作(1914)

《學院協奏曲》Concerto Accademico,為小提琴和管弦樂所作(1924-25)

中提琴

《田野之花》Flos Campi(中提琴、無詞合唱團、小型樂隊)(1925)

《中提琴及小型管弦樂套曲》Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra(1936-38)

雙簧管協奏曲,a小調,(雙簧管及弦樂器)(1944)

為鋼琴、合唱團和交響樂團所寫的《為詩篇104篇而寫的幻想曲(類近變奏曲)》Fantasia (quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune(1949)

為口琴及樂隊所寫的《降D大調浪漫曲》Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra(1951)(為拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)

f小調大號協奏曲(1954)

Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)

Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)

Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)

Mass in G小調 for unaccompanied choir (1922)

Sancta Civitas (The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923-25)

Te Deum in G (1928)

Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)

In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love (1929)

Three Choral Hymns (1929)

Magnificat for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra (1932)

Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)

Dona nobis pacem,沃特·衛特曼詞及其他(1936)

Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)

Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare (1938)

A Song for Thanksgiving (原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)

An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)

Three Shakespeare Songs ,為SATB沒有伴奏的,用作大英國協國家音樂競賽 (The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ,1951)

Hodie, a Christmas oratorio (1954)

Folk songs of the Four Seasons for unaccompanied SSA chorus.

Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)

Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.

"Linden Lea",歌(1901)

The House of Life (1904)

Songs of Travel (1904)

"The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)

On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)

Along the Field, for tenor and violin

Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano (1920)

Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano (1922)

Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings (1914)

Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello

Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams

Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)

c小調弦樂五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及鋼琴)(1903)

g小調第1弦樂四重奏(1908)

a小調第2弦樂四重奏(1942-44)

《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)

《六首英國民歌練習曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song(大提琴及鋼琴)(1926)

《三首以威爾斯曲調而寫成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes(管風琴)(1956)

為中提琴及鋼琴的浪漫曲(日子不詳)

Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes (Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)

A Wedding Tune for Ann (1943)

Two Organ Preludes (The White Rock, St. David's Day) (1956)

The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune (?)

49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort

Coastal Command (film)|Coastal Command, 1942[3]

BBC接納了The Pilgrim's Progress, 1942

The People's Land, 1943

The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943

Stricken Peninsula, 1945

The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946

Scott of the Antarctic (1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica

管樂團

《英國民歌組曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)

Toccata Marziale for military band (1924)

Flourish for Wind Band (1939)

Sea Songs

Overture: Henry V for brass band

Variations for brass band (1957)

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