張學新[心理學家]

張學新，男，河南平頂山人。中國科大少年班本科，美國普林斯頓大學博士畢業，耶魯大學博士後。復旦大學心理系教授、博士生導師。主要學術成果：1）發現中文特有的腦電波N200，揭示中國文字的獨特性；2）提出漢字拼義理論，破解漢字拉丁化百年爭鳴，高度提升中文的國際地位；3）提出公評審稿方案，倡議打破片面依賴西方影響度指標的學術評價體系和制約中國學者創造力的英文枷鎖，重樹中文雜誌的學術地位；4）根據心理學自適應測試理論，提出開放式海量高考的戰略性構想，設計了個性化、真正體現素質教育的全新高考模式；5）提出“中央集權”、“儒學”、“科舉”和“漢字”是中國文化四大支柱的觀點，指出在新時代用新思路去改造、強化和鞏固這四大支柱，是復興中華文明的關鍵；6）提出“回聲論證”，指出意識體驗（qualia）是自然科學詮釋世界的基本單元，因而也不能再用科學去解釋，論證了意識對科學的超越性，化解自笛卡爾以來影響深遠的身心二元對立的謬誤；7）提出“雙權共治”新構想，將行政單位的最高權力在時間維度上一分為二，通過周期性、制度性的職務輪換，使兩者相互監督與約束，為官民提供心理屏障來抵擋權力壓力，擺脫人情利益糾纏，避免情與法的心理衝突，在制度創新層面上探索切合中國社會現實、具有普遍意義的權力制衡模式，在基層行政管理中遏制腐敗、保障清廉。

研究方向

主要領域為心理學、腦科學與認知神經科學。使用腦神經科學技術包括腦電、功能核磁共振研究中文辭彙識別。

發表文章

代表性論文與成果

•張學新，方卓，杜英春，孔令躍，張欽，邢強. (2012). 頂中區N200: 一個中文視覺辭彙識別特有的腦電反應. 《科學通報》, 57(5), 332-347.（英文版：Zhang XX, Fang Z, Du YC, et al. The centro-parietal N200: An event-related potential component specific to Chinese visual word recognition. Chin Sci Bull, 2012, 57.

•張學新 (2011). 漢字拼義理論：心理學對漢字本質的新定性. 《華南師範大學學報》(社科版), 4, 5-13. （2011年12月為教育部《高校文科學術文摘》第 6 期轉載）.

•張學新 (2012). 用公評審稿促進中國科技期刊的快速發展.《心理發展與教育》, 1, 109-111 (全文轉載於人大複印報刊資料《出版業》2013年第5期).

•張學新 (2012). 用開放式海量高考破解中國教育的根本性困局.《中國科技論文線上》(http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201210-112.html).

•張學新 (2013). 從中文特有腦電波到中國文化四大支柱, 北京聽道講壇視頻 http://www.tndao.com/4948.html

•張學新 (2013). 回聲論證：科學有可能解釋意識嗎？《中國科技論文線上》(www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201307-83.html).

•張學新 (2014). 雙權共治: 基層權力制衡新構想.《中共浙江省委黨校學報》, 3, 26-30.

部分英文論文

•Du YC, Q Zhang, Zhang JX. (2014). Does N200 Reflect Semantic Processing? PLoS One, 9(3), e90794.

•Du YC, Hu WP, Fang Z, Zhang JX. (2014). Electrophysiological correlates of morphological processing in Chinese compound word recognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(601),1-8.

•Yin J, Zhang JX, Xie J, Zou ZL, Huang XT. (2013). Gender Differences in Perception of Romance in Chinese college students. PLoS One, 8(10), e76294.

•Jia XF, Wang SP, Zhang B, Zhang JX. (2013). Electrophysiological evidence for relation information activation in Chinese compound word comprehension. Neuropsychologia, 51, 1296-1301.

•Zhu ZD, Feng GY, Zhang JX, Li GC, Li H, Wang SP. (2013). The role of the left prefrontal cortex in sentence-level semantic integration. NeuroImage, 76,325-331.

•Zhang JX, Xiao ZW, Weng XC. (2012). Neural evidence for direct meaning access from orthography in Chinese word reading. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 84, 240-245.

•Lu A, Zhang JX. (2012). Event-related potential evidence for the early activation of literal meaning during comprehension of conventional lexical metaphors. Neuropsychologia, 50(8), 1730-1738.

•Zhu Z, Hagoort P, Zhan JX, Feng G, Chen HC, Bastiaansen MC. (2012). Anterior left inferior frontal gyrus contributes to semantic unification. NeuroImage, 60(4): 2230-2237.

•Zhang JX, Fang Z, Du YC, et al. (2012). The centro-parietal N200: An event-related potential component specific to Chinese visual word recognition. Chin Sci Bull, 57(13),1516-32. (Chinese version: 張學新, 方卓, 杜英春, 孔令躍, 張欽, 邢強. (2012). 頂中區N200: 一個中文視覺辭彙識別特有的腦電反應. 《科學通報》, 57(5), 332-347.

•Zhang B, Zhang JX, Huang S, Kong LY, Wang SP. (2011). Effects of load on the guidance of visual attention from working memory. Vision Research, 51, 2356-2361.

•Zou ZL, Zhang JX, Huang XT, & Weng XC (2011). Impaired directed forgetting in abstinent heroin addicts. Memory, 19 (1): 36-44.

•Hu ZG, Wang WJ, Liu HY, Peng DL, Yang YH, Li KC, Zhang JX, & Ding GS. (2011). Brain activations associated with sign production using word and picture inputs in deaf signers. Brain and Language, 116 (2), 64-70.

•Zhang JX, & et al. (2010). Electrophysiological correlates of proactive interference in the ‘Recent Probes’ verbal working memory task. Neuropsychologia, 48, 2167-2173.

•Wang ZX, Zhang JX, & et al. (2010). Alterations in the processing of non-drug-related affective stimuli in abstinent heroin addicts. NeuroImage, 49, 971-976.

•Zhang Q, Zhang JX, Kong LY. (2009). An ERP study on the time course of phonological and semantic activation in Chinese word recognition. Inter. J. Psychophysio., 73, 235-245.

•Lu AT, Hodges B, Zhang JJ, Zhang JX (2009). Contextual effects on number-time interaction. Cognition, 113, 117-122.

•Zhu ZD, Zhang JX, & et al. (2009). Involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus in sentence-level semantic integration. NeuroImage, 47, 756-763.

•Mak AKY, Hu ZG, Zhang JX, Xiao ZW, Lee TMC. (2009). Sex-related differences in neural activity during emotion regulation. Neuropsychologia, 47 (13).

•Du Y, Xiao ZW, Song Y, Fan S, Wu R, Zhang JX. (2008). An electrophysiological signature for proactive interference resolution in working memory. Inter. J. Psychophysio., 69, 107-111.

•Wang S, Zhu Z, Zhang JX, Wang ZX, Xiao ZW, Xiang H, Chen HC. (2008) Broca’s area plays a role in syntactic processing during Chinese reading comprehension, Neuropsychologia, 46, 1371-1378.

•Xiao ZW, Zhang JX, & et al. (2005). Differential activity in left inferior frontal gyrus for pseudo and real words: An event-related fMRI study on auditory lexical decision. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 212-221.

•Zhang JX, Zhuang J, Ma L, & et al. (2004). Semantic processing of Chinese in left inferior prefrontal cortex studied with reversible words. NeuroImage, 23(3), 975-82.

•Zhang JX, Feng CM, & et al. (2004). Is left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) a general mechanism for working memory selection? NeuroImage, 23(2), 596-603.

•Spinks JA, Zhang JX, & et al. (2004). More workload on the central executive, less attentional capture by novel visual distractors: Evidence from an fMRI study. NeuroImage, 23(2), 517-524.

•Leung HC, & Zhang JX (2004). Interference resolution in spatial working memory. NeuroImage, 23(3), 1013-1019.

•Zhang JX, Leung HC, & Johnson MK. (2003). Frontal activations associated with accessing and evaluating information in working memory: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 20, 1531-1539.