Introduction
Yan Huiqing (Yen Hui - ching, or W. W. Yen, 1877 - April 2, 1950 - May 24, 2007), Zi Jun, who is a Chinese politician, diplomat, author, Shanghai Hongkou Yan human ancestors comes from shandong, after "Nandu" Fujian Yan human ancestors comes from shandong, after "Nandu" Fujian .
He came from a Christian family; his father, Yan Jing Yong from Shanghai and Fujian came as Anglican vicar in Hongkew, or St. John's co - founder Yan graduated from the Shanghai Tongwen College, went to high school in 1895 after entering the University of Virginia study Yan graduated from the Shanghai Tongwen College, went to high school in 1895 after entering the University of Virginia study .
1900 graduating in return, he was appointed professor of English at the University of St. John's,, who is also the editor, was the author of the "Anglo - Chinese Dictionary" 
Official Career
In 1895 after entering high school at the University of Virginia study In 1895 after entering high school at the University of Virginia study . 1900 after graduation to return to St. John's University English professor, who is also the editor, was the author of the "Anglo - Chinese Dictionary"
1906 the Qing government to participate in examinations held of the students, who were awarded the second place and 1906 the Qing government to participate in examinations held of the students, who were awarded the second place and . Jinshi's Parentage in 1908 with Wu Tingfang, the US embassy's Jinshi's Parentage in 1908 with Wu Tingfang, the US embassy's .
Counsellor to the US during the period of Yan in the George Washington University system took a diplomatic theory and knowledge of the law Counsellor to the US during the period of Yan in the George Washington University system took a diplomatic theory and knowledge of the law . called back in 1909, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he built his career called back in 1909, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where he built his career .
After the foundation of the Republic,In 1912 Tang Shaoyi took up the post of Cabinet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Undersecretary, in 1913, then in Germany, Sweden, Denmark and the Three Kingdoms minister After the foundation of the Republic,In 1912 Tang Shaoyi took up the post of Cabinet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Undersecretary, in 1913, then in Germany, Sweden, Denmark and the Three Kingdoms minister . in 1919, as an adviser to attend the Chinese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1920 in 1919, as an adviser to attend the Chinese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1920 .
retiring, he returned to take up the post of diplomacy overall length, overall length House retiring, he returned to take up the post of diplomacy overall length, overall length House . December 1921 the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, acting head of the Prime Minister, on 12 June 1922 formally served as the head of the Prime Minister in 1924 to form a government again December 1921 the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China, acting head of the Prime Minister, on 12 June 1922 formally served as the head of the Prime Minister in 1924 to form a government again .
. 1926 served as the head of the Prime Minister on 22 June and the subject line of the presidential powers, and soon, the forced ouster of FengXi warlord Zhang Zuolin, and lived in seclusion in the British Concession in Tianjin 1926 served as the head of the Prime Minister on 22 June and the subject line of the presidential powers, and soon, the forced ouster of FengXi warlord Zhang Zuolin, and lived in seclusion in the British Concession in Tianjin .
1931 MukdenYan to senatorial rank should be given to the Nanjing Nationalist Government diplomatic call - up, he had been NL neighbors 1931 MukdenYan to senatorial rank should be given to the Nanjing Nationalist Government diplomatic call - up, he had been NL neighbors . 1932, Yan represented China at the League Assembly presented the Japanese invasion of China, urged the League Assembly and the Executive Yuan 1932, Yan represented China at the League Assembly presented the Japanese invasion of China, urged the League Assembly and the Executive Yuan .
sanctions Japan the same year, Yan of the Chinese chief delegate from the Geneva - based international disarmament conference, which secret diplomacy with the Soviet Union, in December of that year successfully concluded with the Soviet Union established diplomatic protocol sanctions Japan the same year, Yan of the Chinese chief delegate from the Geneva - based international disarmament conference, which secret diplomacy with the Soviet Union, in December of that year successfully concluded with the Soviet Union established diplomatic protocol . 1933 and January 31, Yan Huiqing had been the Soviet Ambassador, 1936 due to health reasons, resign 1933 and January 31, Yan Huiqing had been the Soviet Ambassador, 1936 due to health reasons, resign .
returned in 1937 after the outbreak of war,Yan in Shanghai, refugees and wounded soldiers of the rescue returned in 1937 after the outbreak of war,Yan in Shanghai, refugees and wounded soldiers of the rescue . 1939, Yan, the Government of the Republic of China as a special envoy to attend US twice met U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as China has bought a "substantial" assistance
December 1940, from San Francisco to Hong Kong, and retained there December 1940, from San Francisco to Hong Kong, and retained there . after the Pacific War, Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Yan has been under house arrest, after being arrested in Shanghai held back by the after the Pacific War, Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, Yan has been under house arrest, after being arrested in Shanghai held back by the .
in 1945 after the war, Yan was elected a fellow of the IEEE Transactions on in 1945 after the war, Yan was elected a fellow of the IEEE Transactions on . lawmakers in February 1949, Yan by the President Li Tsung - jen to Xibaipo lawmakers in February 1949, Yan by the President Li Tsung - jen to Xibaipo .
peace talks with the Communist Party of China after talks fail,Yan left behind not returned peace talks with the Communist Party of China after talks fail,Yan left behind not returned . 1949 after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, Ren Yan, CPPCC member and Vice - Chairman of the Committee, on the East China Military and 1949 after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, Ren Yan, CPPCC member and Vice - Chairman of the Committee, on the East China Military and .
May 24, 1950, he died of illness in Shanghai, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were induced condolence May 24, 1950, he died of illness in Shanghai, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were induced condolence .
Anecdote In Politics
Europe's Envoy To The Three Kingdoms
After the founding of the Beijing government, ru lin of cao of liu zhengxiang of May, 1912 becoming its first diplomatic chief, became the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Undersecretary for After the founding of the Beijing government, ru lin of cao of liu zhengxiang of May, 1912 becoming its first diplomatic chief, became the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Undersecretary for . Yan Huiqing was due to Lu's sickly, Yan Huiqing was actually under the auspices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs work Yan Huiqing was due to Lu's sickly, Yan Huiqing was actually under the auspices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs work .
thereafter diplomacy overall length change for a couple of times, but Yan Huiqing's but has been top of the Undersecretary for Xi, who was known as parliamentary under - secretary - to - fail " thereafter diplomacy overall length change for a couple of times, but Yan Huiqing's but has been top of the Undersecretary for Xi, who was known as parliamentary under - secretary - to - fail ". January 1913, Yan Huiqing was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany, and later concurrently accredited to Denmark envoy and Minister Yan Huiqing January 1913, Yan Huiqing was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany, and later concurrently accredited to Denmark envoy and Minister Yan Huiqing .
Sweden to Germany during the German government in Beijing, and they attended the second, of the Third Session of the International Opium Conference, on behalf of the Chinese Government, signed the" anti - smoking convention " Sweden to Germany during the German government in Beijing, and they attended the second, of the Third Session of the International Opium Conference, on behalf of the Chinese Government, signed the" anti - smoking convention ". 1914,With the outbreak of war, a gradual deterioration in relations between China and Germany in March 1917 1914,With the outbreak of war, a gradual deterioration in relations between China and Germany in March 1917 .
de de . severed diplomatic relations with Beijing in May, Yan Huiqing's rate, China's ambassador to the German embassy members retreated to Denmark, becoming the first world war the Beijing government in Europe highlights the importance of "intelligence" severed diplomatic relations with Beijing in May, Yan Huiqing's rate, China's ambassador to the German embassy members retreated to Denmark, becoming the first world war the Beijing government in Europe highlights the importance of "intelligence" .
Remote Control Washington Conference
In the late spring of 1920, Yan Huiqing resigned from Three Kingdoms to an envoy of a job with In the late spring of 1920, Yan Huiqing resigned from Three Kingdoms to an envoy of a job with . returned to Shanghai on August 11, Yan Huiqing, Acting Chief of Diplomatic Cabinet Jin Yunpeng returned to Shanghai on August 11, Yan Huiqing, Acting Chief of Diplomatic Cabinet Jin Yunpeng .
his first ill - suited to the international practice of reform from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and in part within the established Chu Cai Guan to cultivate diplomatic talent his first ill - suited to the international practice of reform from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and in part within the established Chu Cai Guan to cultivate diplomatic talent . He took advantage of the nascent Soviet Russia published pro - China "Karakhan Manifesto" of the opportunity, to preside personally over medium Su has diplomatic relation negotiation, negotiators met Su Youlin, trying to break the Western powers to China's diplomatic strategy, a career diplomat and far - sighted, but when the government continually alternated,Sino - Russian talks eventually failed and He took advantage of the nascent Soviet Russia published pro - China "Karakhan Manifesto" of the opportunity, to preside personally over medium Su has diplomatic relation negotiation, negotiators met Su Youlin, trying to break the Western powers to China's diplomatic strategy, a career diplomat and far - sighted, but when the government continually alternated,Sino - Russian talks eventually failed and .
1921 on 14 June, Yan Huiqing was appointed a diplomatic commissioner was responsible for the negotiations with Japan, Hunchun, Jilin province, Fuzhou Massacre and the Nikolaevsk Incident, and prevented a serious unfavorable to China, "Japanese Alliance treaty was renewed 1921 on 14 June, Yan Huiqing was appointed a diplomatic commissioner was responsible for the negotiations with Japan, Hunchun, Jilin province, Fuzhou Massacre and the Nikolaevsk Incident, and prevented a serious unfavorable to China, "Japanese Alliance treaty was renewed ., Yan Huiqing's biggest challenge in Washington presided over the meeting on the , Yan Huiqing's biggest challenge in Washington presided over the meeting on the .
10 months of negotiations, China will attend the China delegation went to the U.S., Yan Huiqing is facing in its remote control,to become a member of the delegation in the country's most solid backing and diplomatic operations in the negotiations of the Commander - in - chief around Shandong problem and the dispute has caused a lot of attention from around Shandong problem and the dispute has caused a lot of attention from .
in homes around the country. Many Chinese hope for China in the multilateral negotiations at the meeting to these issues in diplomatic on the cautious pragmatism of Yan Huiqing is not that optimistic, due to the weak words are light, he agrees to accept the amendments on the Law of the People's Republic of China on the "edge" negotiations on the way, people will be directed on to the day after the Prime Minister of Liang Shi - yi, utilized between the warlords in the "telegrams", not only to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China has achieved for the Jiaoji Railway in the negotiation of text control,In a further "Yan Liang political struggle" to clean up in the Cabinet after the fall of Liang, Yan Huiqing's Acting Prime Minister on the cautious pragmatism of Yan Huiqing is not that optimistic, due to the weak words are light, he agrees to accept the amendments on the Law of the People's Republic of China on the "edge" negotiations on the way, people will be directed on to the day after the Prime Minister of Liang Shi - yi, utilized between the warlords in the "telegrams", not only to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China has achieved for the Jiaoji Railway in the negotiation of text control,In a further "Yan Liang political struggle" to clean up in the Cabinet after the fall of Liang, Yan Huiqing's Acting Prime Minister .
February, under the authority of the Chinese delegation to attend the Washington conference signed the Treaty to resolve unsettled Shandong ", Hua's diplomatic and the result of the February, under the authority of the Chinese delegation to attend the Washington conference signed the Treaty to resolve unsettled Shandong ", Hua's diplomatic and the result of the .
To Exploit A Disaster - - Again
of the outbreak of the Mukden Incident, and become the life of Yan Huiqing was yet another turning point of the outbreak of the Mukden Incident, and become the life of Yan Huiqing was yet another turning point . chopped in October 1931, he became the head of the Nationalist Government diplomatic Special Committee members, mainly responsible for the 11 months chopped in October 1931, he became the head of the Nationalist Government diplomatic Special Committee members, mainly responsible for the 11 months .
America in 1905, he was appointed as his envoy to the United States, arriving shortly after was appointed to the League Council attended the meeting of the chief representative in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and chairman of the delegation of the League of Nations America in 1905, he was appointed as his envoy to the United States, arriving shortly after was appointed to the League Council attended the meeting of the chief representative in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China and chairman of the delegation of the League of Nations . 5 February 1932, Yan as the chief representative in China attended the international conference on disarmament, the Conference on Disarmament and under the cover of Foreign Minister Litvinov and the Soviet Union for a rapprochement between the two countries in order to covert negotiations 5 February 1932, Yan as the chief representative in China attended the international conference on disarmament, the Conference on Disarmament and under the cover of Foreign Minister Litvinov and the Soviet Union for a rapprochement between the two countries in order to covert negotiations .
after 10 months of repeated negotiation, Sino - Soviet diplomatic relations are formally,That broke the 1918 after China's diplomatic predicament with the League of Nations diplomatic impasse after 10 months of repeated negotiation, Sino - Soviet diplomatic relations are formally,That broke the 1918 after China's diplomatic predicament with the League of Nations diplomatic impasse . 1933 and January 31, Yan Huiqing, who was appointed ambassador to the soviet union 1933 and January 31, Yan Huiqing, who was appointed ambassador to the soviet union .
5 March, arrived in Moscow to his inauguration, and just after Sudan's" Soviet commercial treaty "and" Sino - Soviet Non - Aggression pact concluded negotiations, but were unsuccessful due to the much - trailed 5 March, arrived in Moscow to his inauguration, and just after Sudan's" Soviet commercial treaty "and" Sino - Soviet Non - Aggression pact concluded negotiations, but were unsuccessful due to the much - trailed . on 18 May in London, is set at the World Economic Conference on 18 May in London, is set at the World Economic Conference .
on 22 July, the representative of the National Government he signed the "silver" agreements" on 22 July, the representative of the National Government he signed the "silver" agreements" . is the end of the year, due to dissatisfaction with the Nanjing authorities Su bargaining was weak, and that he has obtained the approval of the National Government insists on a vacation, returned to Shanghai,allowed to resign, claiming back to Tianjin to recuperate is the end of the year, due to dissatisfaction with the Nanjing authorities Su bargaining was weak, and that he has obtained the approval of the National Government insists on a vacation, returned to Shanghai,allowed to resign, claiming back to Tianjin to recuperate .
- during his visit to two south and Chiang Kai - shek, Jiang is urging its return of a russian, and finally on 21 February 1935 departure continue - during his visit to two south and Chiang Kai - shek, Jiang is urging its return of a russian, and finally on 21 February 1935 departure continue . on 13 March, gem and Hu Mei Lanfang, etc of China during his visit to the former delegation arrived in Moscow to try to improve relations through private diplomatic channels on 13 March, gem and Hu Mei Lanfang, etc of China during his visit to the former delegation arrived in Moscow to try to improve relations through private diplomatic channels .
Unexpectedly, blatantly Manchukuo to Soviet Union sold the Chinese Eastern Railway, tensions have risen again, Yan Huiqing campaigned, though, but to no avail Unexpectedly, blatantly Manchukuo to Soviet Union sold the Chinese Eastern Railway, tensions have risen again, Yan Huiqing campaigned, though, but to no avail . 9 months, the chief representative of the Chinese side to attend a General Assembly of the League of Nations, the major powers in dealing with the issues on the left who mutinied ov Italy invaded Ethiopia and appeasement of the captive,Order Yan Huiqing diplomatic 9 months, the chief representative of the Chinese side to attend a General Assembly of the League of Nations, the major powers in dealing with the issues on the left who mutinied ov Italy invaded Ethiopia and appeasement of the captive,Order Yan Huiqing diplomatic .
completely disappointed by the League in March 1936, He's ambassador to the soviet union, and was admitted to completely disappointed by the League in March 1936, He's ambassador to the soviet union, and was admitted to . June 11, returned to Shanghai, China to an end the career diplomat career, returned to Tianjin's home while he has been in business, while charity June 11, returned to Shanghai, China to an end the career diplomat career, returned to Tianjin's home while he has been in business, while charity .
July 1937 The Lugouqiao Incident broke out, his family moved south to Shanghai, in August during the Anti - Japanese War, under the auspices of the Shanghai - based refugee relief and rescue work of the disabled, and became a member of Shanghai International Relief Committee, the chairman of the Shanghai Anti - Tuberculosis Association.On 20 September, the China Association of International Affairs in the name of the president of the League of Nations call reveal Japan's atrocities;On 22 October, the U.S. made a public speech broadcast on January 1938, was elected as one of aggression the Chinese branch of the honorary members of the Bureau of the General Assembly, on 6 April, elected the First National Government national assemblymen January 1938, was elected as one of aggression the Chinese branch of the honorary members of the Bureau of the General Assembly, on 6 April, elected the First National Government national assemblymen .
after the outbreak of the War, the Nationalist Government began the resurrection of the old guard like Yan Huiqing after the outbreak of the War, the Nationalist Government began the resurrection of the old guard like Yan Huiqing . diplomat August 1938, Yan to attend the 6th Institute of Pacific Relations of China's public identity and departed for the U.S., its true identity is in fact an anti - Chiang Kai - shek's private envoys
1 November, he accompanied the ambassador in his 1798 - -Franklin Roosevelt, American presidentthe presentation of Chiang Kai - shek personally 1 November, he accompanied the ambassador in his 1798 - -Franklin Roosevelt, American presidentthe presentation of Chiang Kai - shek personally . letter in late November, attending the American Institute of Pacific Relations held in Victoria Harbour, is the condemnation of the atrocities, and to the international security discusses letter in late November, attending the American Institute of Pacific Relations held in Victoria Harbour, is the condemnation of the atrocities, and to the international security discusses .
after the meeting, Hu studied in the US continue to assist developing diplomatic, once Chiang Kai - shek's appreciation, the invitation to become foreign minister, who declined to speak with after the meeting, Hu studied in the US continue to assist developing diplomatic, once Chiang Kai - shek's appreciation, the invitation to become foreign minister, who declined to speak with . 15 March 1940, Yan Huiqing 15 March 1940, Yan Huiqing .
Hong Kong shortly after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the fall of Hong Kong, he and Chen Youren and others under house arrest by the Japanese army, Japanese charge liner to Shanghai, and housebound, refuses to cooperate and Wang's Hong Kong shortly after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the fall of Hong Kong, he and Chen Youren and others under house arrest by the Japanese army, Japanese charge liner to Shanghai, and housebound, refuses to cooperate and Wang's . August 1945 after the Japanese surrender,Yan Huiqing had stepped in to maintain order in post - war Shanghai, condolences on behalf of the Chinese government in Shanghai and the Japanese prisoner of war camps all over the world, such as August 1945 after the Japanese surrender,Yan Huiqing had stepped in to maintain order in post - war Shanghai, condolences on behalf of the Chinese government in Shanghai and the Japanese prisoner of war camps all over the world, such as .
Character Evaluation
Yan in the education aspect too much Yan in the education aspect too much . he made a career of 1907 had been in charge of compile that China's first book, "Anglo - Chinese Dictionary" he made a career of 1907 had been in charge of compile that China's first book, "Anglo - Chinese Dictionary" .
after participation in the organization of Tsinghua University, founded and chaired the Board of Trustees of Tsinghua School after participation in the organization of Tsinghua University, founded and chaired the Board of Trustees of Tsinghua School . he also participated in Beiping National Library and establishment of the China Western Returned Scholars Association of he also participated in Beiping National Library and establishment of the China Western Returned Scholars Association of .
organization in the business, Yan in 1929 became the head of the Tianjin Tianjin mainland companies and mainland commercial bank's chairman organization in the business, Yan in 1929 became the head of the Tianjin Tianjin mainland companies and mainland commercial bank's chairman . Yan is the author of English autobiography "kaleidoscope of East and West" at the East - West from Kaleidoscope, which is published in the Chinese mainland Chinese text called "Yan Huiqing's autobiography, a veteran of the historical memory of the Republic of China",Wu Yong, Li Baochen, Ye Feng and the Aesthetics of January 2005, at the bookstore Yan is the author of English autobiography "kaleidoscope of East and West" at the East - West from Kaleidoscope, which is published in the Chinese mainland Chinese text called "Yan Huiqing's autobiography, a veteran of the historical memory of the Republic of China",Wu Yong, Li Baochen, Ye Feng and the Aesthetics of January 2005, at the bookstore .
