Introduction
Carl Sagan, American astronomer Carl Sagan, American astronomer . 1934, born in New York, NY 1934, born in New York, NY .
Sagan 1960 University of Chicago philosophy Ph.D. his main interest was the planet's surface and atmosphere, this area of research with the Kuiper and rocket technology is to re - obtain the angry his main interest was the planet's surface and atmosphere, this area of research with the Kuiper and rocket technology is to re - obtain the angry .
For example, he founded the Venusian atmosphere of greenhouse models, to explain the planet's temperature For example, he founded the Venusian atmosphere of greenhouse models, to explain the planet's temperature . inexplicable - he is also the difference in level between the surface of Mars and Jupiter in the atmosphere of the organic molecules found evidence inexplicable - he is also the difference in level between the surface of Mars and Jupiter in the atmosphere of the organic molecules found evidence .
Furthermore,His hobby is the study of other planets about the possibility of life on our planet and the origins of life on the issue (not surprisingly, he is the good read science fiction) Furthermore,His hobby is the study of other planets about the possibility of life on our planet and the origins of life on the issue (not surprisingly, he is the good read science fiction) . one of the scientists he has been a member of the group, they attempted to travel from the primitive earth conditions of the substance system to manufacture the compound, the amino acid to the nucleic acid of the basic member one of the scientists he has been a member of the group, they attempted to travel from the primitive earth conditions of the substance system to manufacture the compound, the amino acid to the nucleic acid of the basic member .
1963 he succeeded in determining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed, it's life or the head of the library can 1963 he succeeded in determining adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed, it's life or the head of the library can . 1968 he transferred to Cornell University,Ren, associate professor of planetary astronomy research laboratory, director of the 1968 he transferred to Cornell University,Ren, associate professor of planetary astronomy research laboratory, director of the .
in 1969 he became chairman of the astronomy journal Icarus) editorship of in 1969 he became chairman of the astronomy journal Icarus) editorship of . Sagan was deeply involved in the U.S. space exploration program, and in the field of planetary physics, many important results
No 2709 asteroid to be named "Sagan" No 2709 asteroid to be named "Sagan" . in his popular science achievements all the more striking: in the 1980s, he chaired the shooting 13 episodes of a TV series, "Cosmos", was translated into 10 languages in more than 60 countries; in addition he has also written dozens of popular - science in his popular science achievements all the more striking: in the 1980s, he chaired the shooting 13 episodes of a TV series, "Cosmos", was translated into 10 languages in more than 60 countries; in addition he has also written dozens of popular - science .
in 1994, he was awarded the First Asimov science prize in 1994, he was awarded the First Asimov science prize .
Experience
Early
In 1934, Sagan was born in Brooklyn, New York area of Surry Hills In 1934, Sagan was born in Brooklyn, New York area of Surry Hills . the age of 8, Sagan began to think of other planets in the solar system there must be a life which was to become his lifelong quest of one title the age of 8, Sagan began to think of other planets in the solar system there must be a life which was to become his lifelong quest of one title .
in 1951, he entered the University of Chicago studying physics in 1951, he entered the University of Chicago studying physics . in 1956, he obtained a masters degree in physics, in 1960, he obtained the doctorate in astronomy and astrophysics graduate after in 1956, he obtained a masters degree in physics, in 1960, he obtained the doctorate in astronomy and astrophysics graduate after .
, Sagan and former Harvard faculty , Sagan and former Harvard faculty . in the 20th century until the early 1960s.No one knows the dense clouds of Venus under the surface of what people imagine
even Venus is covered with thriving animal even Venus is covered with thriving animal . Sagan Venus itself of radiation characteristics, the surface of Venus is one of the world, and even can melt lead, which is the root of scientific achievements one Sagan Venus itself of radiation characteristics, the surface of Venus is one of the world, and even can melt lead, which is the root of scientific achievements one .
Science Popularization Period
Since the 1960s, Sagan jumped into Since the 1960s, Sagan jumped into . undertakings in 1966, and his Soviet astronomer Viktor Shklovsky (............................................. S. Shklovskii), who co - authored the "wisdom of life in the universe," a 1968 book
, , . Sagan came to Cornell University where he obtained his professorship, mainly engaged in planetary astronomy, Sagan came to Cornell University where he obtained his professorship, mainly engaged in planetary astronomy, .
and remained so until 1973, he published the "cosmological connections" and remained so until 1973, he published the "cosmological connections" . in 1978, his" Eden of the Dinosaur" book of the year award in 1978, his" Eden of the Dinosaur" book of the year award .
however he rose to fame in the two years after the television is often referred to as TV however he rose to fame in the two years after the television is often referred to as TV ."Idiot Box", but Sagan makes full use of the television medium "Idiot Box", but Sagan makes full use of the television medium .
in this years to complete, a total of 13 episodes of a TV series, "Cosmos", Sagan has not only worked as a screenwriter, also all of the human voice, who lead the viewer's experience of humanity's exploration of the history of the universe, the tiny atoms and the vastness of the universe has been tied up with in this years to complete, a total of 13 episodes of a TV series, "Cosmos", Sagan has not only worked as a screenwriter, also all of the human voice, who lead the viewer's experience of humanity's exploration of the history of the universe, the tiny atoms and the vastness of the universe has been tied up with . Summer 1980, the" universe "in the U.S. public television followed swiftly became a huge success of
throughout the 1980s, no other public television channel in the playing of the program exceeds the" universe "of the throughout the 1980s, no other public television channel in the playing of the program exceeds the" universe "of the . rating statistics, the film has been aired in more then 60 countries around the world,and an audience of up to about 6 million people to the movie's fundamental rating statistics, the film has been aired in more then 60 countries around the world,and an audience of up to about 6 million people to the movie's fundamental .
Sa wrote the book of the same name, continuous tens of weeks in the "New York Times" bestseller list, just ahead of the only English - language publishing and distribution of copies have been Sa wrote the book of the same name, continuous tens of weeks in the "New York Times" bestseller list, just ahead of the only English - language publishing and distribution of copies have been . 1984, Simon Schuster to 200 million of the $1.65bn for the remuneration, purchased the Sagan science fiction of the" contact "
13 years later, the" contact "was made into a movie, directed by renowned filmmaker Robert Zemecki, directed by Jodie Foster starred in the movie theaters when 13 years later, the" contact "was made into a movie, directed by renowned filmmaker Robert Zemecki, directed by Jodie Foster starred in the movie theaters when . Sagan had died, thus the credit specifically evoke" dedicated to Carl "caption Sagan had died, thus the credit specifically evoke" dedicated to Carl "caption .
While the sci - fi, it's very rigorous, wherein"E.T." is also changed in the movie, and evil Sagan's books went on to have successful Sagan's books went on to have successful .
1984 he wrote the "Comet", was published in 1992 "is forgotten ancestors of Shadow", published in 1994 by the "pale blue dot" 1984 he wrote the "Comet", was published in 1992 "is forgotten ancestors of Shadow", published in 1994 by the "pale blue dot" . in the last two years, he also completed a "demon - haunted world" and "billions" in the last two years, he also completed a "demon - haunted world" and "billions" .
" is the Huai He" is the Huai He.
Life Sciences Research Period
Sagan for extraterrestrial life, interest never weakened Sagan for extraterrestrial life, interest never weakened . in the "universe", he said that, if one day discover aliens, no - one is more delighted than him in the "universe", he said that, if one day discover aliens, no - one is more delighted than him .
However, Sagan did not believe in the so - called "UFO" (UFO), which is from the alien life - forms of spaceship However, Sagan did not believe in the so - called "UFO" (UFO), which is from the alien life - forms of spaceship . in 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference organised by, Sagan and other suspected "UFOs are alien spacecraft," the scientists together,And endorsement of UFOs from outer space looking at people in a debate on in 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference organised by, Sagan and other suspected "UFOs are alien spacecraft," the scientists together,And endorsement of UFOs from outer space looking at people in a debate on .
debate was later published as a book debate was later published as a book . Sagan was a famous skeptic of paranormal claims, and various service ", strict evidence Sagan was a famous skeptic of paranormal claims, and various service ", strict evidence .
scientific methods is his most powerful weapon scientific methods is his most powerful weapon . another famous debate happens in the root with the virial Trajkovski between another famous debate happens in the root with the virial Trajkovski between .
virial Spakovsky of" impact in the world "was a famous works of pseudoscience, Mr Trajkovski mythology and legend as a genuine history of giving the eisegesis was (for example, he proposed from the Jupiter fly out of a comet.really have that fall from the sky of food), but caused a lot of people interested in in 1974 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) organization of a debate, Sagan and virial Trajkovski confrontation in 1974 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) organization of a debate, Sagan and virial Trajkovski confrontation .
After the clash, the dimension in the theory of Mikhail Khodorkovsky? on? the black, and soon almost dormant After the clash, the dimension in the theory of Mikhail Khodorkovsky? on? the black, and soon almost dormant . in 1983, the Reagan administration put forward a famous anti - ballistic missile program, the so - called "Star wars" in 1983, the Reagan administration put forward a famous anti - ballistic missile program, the so - called "Star wars" .
Sagan then decried the" Star Wars" plan it "nuclear umbrella" and, on the other hand, it only serves to make nuclear disarmament more difficult Sagan then decried the" Star Wars" plan it "nuclear umbrella" and, on the other hand, it only serves to make nuclear disarmament more difficult . 1986,To protest U.S. nuclear test, Sagan also intentionally crossed the Nevada nuclear testing sites in the cordon, police arrested
1987 Sagan worked in Pasadena, California on the skepticism of the speech, a speech that changed his life, who eventually founded the Skeptics Society 1987 Sagan worked in Pasadena, California on the skepticism of the speech, a speech that changed his life, who eventually founded the Skeptics Society .
Died
of 20 December 1996, Sagan in Seattle's Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center contracted pneumonia and died, after the death of the epitaph is: Remembrance of Carl Sagan (1934 - 9 November 1996 and 20 December) husband, father, scientist, teacher of 20 December 1996, Sagan in Seattle's Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center contracted pneumonia and died, after the death of the epitaph is: Remembrance of Carl Sagan (1934 - 9 November 1996 and 20 December) husband, father, scientist, teacher . Karl. You're one of the candles in the darkness
Family And Marriage
Sagan married a total of three times: firstly in 1957 with the famous biologist Lynn Margulis (born Leon - Sagan and Jeremy Sagan) in 1968 with the artist Linda Salzman (born Nick Sagan) in 1981 with writer Ann Drew (born Sacha and Sam) Sagan married a total of three times: firstly in 1957 with the famous biologist Lynn Margulis (born Leon - Sagan and Jeremy Sagan) in 1968 with the artist Linda Salzman (born Nick Sagan) in 1981 with writer Ann Drew (born Sacha and Sam) .
Influence / Contribution
Sagan's life was chiefly engaged in astronomy as well as the environmental effects of nuclear war, it was previously a member of the American Astronomical Society Division for Planetary Sciences, president of the Society, American Geophysical Union Federation planet, president of the Society in the United States space program has played a very important role, and was awarded the Scientific Achievement Award of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, particularly, twice won the NASA Public Service Award and the award of the Apollo Achievement Award, in addition,He also opposed the use of nuclear weapons and numerous awards for distinguished contribution to the Soviet Union to Venus Sagan's life was chiefly engaged in astronomy as well as the environmental effects of nuclear war, it was previously a member of the American Astronomical Society Division for Planetary Sciences, president of the Society, American Geophysical Union Federation planet, president of the Society in the United States space program has played a very important role, and was awarded the Scientific Achievement Award of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, particularly, twice won the NASA Public Service Award and the award of the Apollo Achievement Award, in addition,He also opposed the use of nuclear weapons and numerous awards for distinguished contribution to the Soviet Union to Venus . confirmed Venus Surface temperatures can reach around 500 degrees Celsius confirmed Venus Surface temperatures can reach around 500 degrees Celsius .
caused by this heat as to the cause of the greenhouse effect is the extreme caused by this heat as to the cause of the greenhouse effect is the extreme . decades later, when "global warming" has not become the media of popular keywords, Sagan's warning to the public have been caused by human activities and greenhouse effect like Venus might not be so extreme, could pose a risk to decades later, when "global warming" has not become the media of popular keywords, Sagan's warning to the public have been caused by human activities and greenhouse effect like Venus might not be so extreme, could pose a risk to .
Sagan's other contributions include Mars surface color, the seasonal variation of interpretation (and not due to plant growth, but because of the huge Mars dust devil),and the moon's" Titan "and" Europa Europa "(" Sagan's other contributions include Mars surface color, the seasonal variation of interpretation (and not due to plant growth, but because of the huge Mars dust devil),and the moon's" Titan "and" Europa Europa "(" . 20 throughout the 1960s and 1970s in the solar system is" the great geographical discovery "of the golden age, Sagan had been involved in many planetary probes 20 throughout the 1960s and 1970s in the solar system is" the great geographical discovery "of the golden age, Sagan had been involved in many planetary probes .
plan such as his involvement in the Mariner and Viking Mars probe will be developed in an attempt to discover life on Mars plan such as his involvement in the Mariner and Viking Mars probe will be developed in an attempt to discover life on Mars . signs of activity in the later one of the pioneers and travelers plan in planetary probe, Sagan proposed the rover is mounted is engraved with human greeting information sheet metal and gold discs, the latter known as the" Voice of Earth "album signs of activity in the later one of the pioneers and travelers plan in planetary probe, Sagan proposed the rover is mounted is engraved with human greeting information sheet metal and gold discs, the latter known as the" Voice of Earth "album .
Viewpoint
1, "in exploring the unknown nature, science is always able to explore the nature of the venerable and awe at 1, "in exploring the unknown nature, science is always able to explore the nature of the venerable and awe at . understanding of behavior, is in itself a human and is added to the magnificence of the universe of one of the praised (even on the minimal extent of added)" 2, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - science and nature, science is going to make the person produces the feeling of awe for nature understanding of behavior, is in itself a human and is added to the magnificence of the universe of one of the praised (even on the minimal extent of added)" 2, "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - science and nature, science is going to make the person produces the feeling of awe for nature .
of the true nature of the understanding of the behavior is the natural binding and fusion of the celebrating.Even to a small extent of binding also can make the person feel the grandeur of the universe and spectacular will pass in time, accumulated the world's knowledge of the science becomes the cross - border, trans - era transcends all boundaries of sensible things will pass in time, accumulated the world's knowledge of the science becomes the cross - border, trans - era transcends all boundaries of sensible things .
"3," in human history: for most of the outside world as a human is fear and fear of "3," in human history: for most of the outside world as a human is fear and fear of . because humans could follow if the danger cannot be predicted for any human because humans could follow if the danger cannot be predicted for any human .
can reduce their fear of interpretation are embraced in the scientific world understand can reduce their fear of interpretation are embraced in the scientific world understand ., grasp the law of things development, self - control and guidance for safe voyage and has obtained significant progress , grasp the law of things development, self - control and guidance for safe voyage and has obtained significant progress .
"4."The medical and agricultural advances to save the lives of death than history, various people in the war of the sum of the far more in tune with the transport and communications, as well as the entertainment industry have changed the world and the world is joined integrally to the transport and communications, as well as the entertainment industry have changed the world and the world is joined integrally to the .
science is two - edged sword, it's feared force everyone, including politicians, especially the scientists, to assume a new responsibility, that is, must be global and transcend the era of technology, in the perspective of long - term consequences of giving more attention to avoid nationalism and chauvinism of Attachment science is two - edged sword, it's feared force everyone, including politicians, especially the scientists, to assume a new responsibility, that is, must be global and transcend the era of technology, in the perspective of long - term consequences of giving more attention to avoid nationalism and chauvinism of Attachment . mistake too costly to mistake too costly to .
"".
Writings
"Universe", "Eden of the Dinosaur", "Broca's Brain", "Nobody ever thought of the road: the arms race and nuclear winter." The End "the forgotten predecessors of the" shadow, "contact" (shooting for the film of the same name), "Comet", "in the universe, intelligent life" "pale blue dot forecasts the humanity of the Space Home", "demon - haunted world"
Evaluation
Sagan himself has devoted his life to the astronomy and other sciences Sagan himself has devoted his life to the astronomy and other sciences . he loved science, rationality, and he loved science, rationality, and .
rational evaluation of the role of science and technology is a concept at the heart of rational evaluation of the role of science and technology is a concept at the heart of . 1, "although the roots have science on his reputation, but he is first and foremost a scientist of the 1, "although the roots have science on his reputation, but he is first and foremost a scientist of the .
", "The Sceptical investigators" magazine (2)," His achievement in research of his peers were more receptive to his role as science spokesman ", "The Sceptical investigators" magazine (2)," His achievement in research of his peers were more receptive to his role as science spokesman . "NASA exobiologists David Morrison (3),Dean of the Academy of Sciences, Bruce Weitz (Alberta) in Sagan's death once commented that: "Carl Sagan than he can think of any other contemporary scientists are more aware of what the public but also for the wonders of science and the importance of passion "NASA exobiologists David Morrison (3),Dean of the Academy of Sciences, Bruce Weitz (Alberta) in Sagan's death once commented that: "Carl Sagan than he can think of any other contemporary scientists are more aware of what the public but also for the wonders of science and the importance of passion .
" 4, after the death in Sagan, Sagan ended his life by doing the work of the Cornell University published an obituary on the day said: "Sagan, an astronomer, educator and writer, perhaps the world's greatest popularizer " 4, after the death in Sagan, Sagan ended his life by doing the work of the Cornell University published an obituary on the day said: "Sagan, an astronomer, educator and writer, perhaps the world's greatest popularizer . home" home".
