圖書信息
Advanced Materials Science and Engineering of Carbon先進碳材料科學與工程作者：[日]Michio Inagaki, [中]Feiyu Kang, [日]Masahiro Toyoda, [日]Hidetaka Konno
圖書詳細信息：
ISBN：9787302347170定價：180元
印次：1-1
裝幀：精裝
印刷日期：2013-12-20
Contents
CHAPTER 1 Introduction ............................................................ 11.1 Classi.cation of carbon materials ...................................................2
1.2Nanotexture of carbon materials .....................................................5
1.3Microtexture of carbon materials ....................................................8
1.4 Speci.cation of carbon materials ..................................................10
1.5 Construction of the present book ..................................................12
References .....................................................................................12
CHAPTER 2 Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Formation .......... 15
2.1Synthesis of carbon nanotubes ......................................................16
2.2Formation of carbon nanotubes .....................................................22
2.2.1 Formation into yarns ...........................................................22
2.2.2 Formation into sheets ..........................................................24
2.2.3 Formation into sponges ......................................................29
2.3Applications of carbon nanotubes .................................................30
2.4 Concluding remarks ......................................................................35 References .....................................................................................36
CHAPTER 3 Graphene: Synthesis and Preparation ..................... 41
3.1Preparation through the cleavage of graphite ................................42
3.2Preparation through the exfoliation of graphite ............................45
3.2.1 Preparation using graphite oxides .......................................45
3.2.2 Preparation using graphite intercalation compounds ..........49
3.3Synthesis through chemical vapor deposition ...............................50
3.4Synthesis through the organic route ..............................................56
3.5Preparation through other processes .............................................57
3.6 Concluding remarks ......................................................................59 References .....................................................................................62
CHAPTER 4 Carbonization Under Pressure ............................... 67
4.1Carbonization under built-up pressure ..........................................68
4.1.1 Setup for carbonization under pressure ...............................68
4.1.2 Optical texture and carbonization yield ..............................68
4.1.3 Particle morphology ............................................................70
4.2Carbonization under hydrothermal conditions ..............................74
4.3Carbonization under supercritical conditions................................78
4.4 Concluding remarks ......................................................................79
4.4.1 Temperature and pressure conditions for carbonization .................................................................79
4.4.2 Composition of precursors for the formation of carbon spheres.................................................................81 References .....................................................................................84
CHAPTER 5Stress Graphitization ............................................. 87
5.1 Graphitization under pressure .......................................................88
5.1.1 Structural change in carbons ...............................................88
5.1.2 Mechanism ..........................................................................93
5.2Graphitization in coexistence with minerals under pressure ...............................................................................96
5.2.1 Coexistence with calcium compounds ................................96
5.2.2 Coexistence with other minerals .........................................99
5.2.3 Mechanism for acceleration of graphitization.....................99
5.3Stress graphitization in carbon/carbon composites .....................102
5.3.1 Acceleration of graphitization ...........................................102
5.3.2 Mechanism ........................................................................105
5.4 Concluding remarks ....................................................................107
5.4.1 Graphitization under pressure ...........................................107
5.4.2 Occurrence of graphite in nature .......................................108
5.4.3 Stress graphitization in carbon/carbon composites ...........109 References ...................................................................................109
CHAPTER 6Glass-like Carbon: Its Activation and Graphitization .............................................. 111
6.1Activation of glass-like carbon ....................................................111
6.1.1 Glass-like carbon spheres ..................................................111
6.1.2 Activation in a .ow of dry air ...........................................113
6.1.3 Activation in a .ow of wet air ...........................................117
6.1.4 Activation process .............................................................118
6.1.5 Direct observation of micropores ......................................121
6.1.6 Two-step activation ...........................................................123
6.2Graphitization of glass-like carbons ............................................124
6.2.1 Graphitization through melting .........................................124
6.2.2 Graphitization under high pressure ...................................126
6.2.3 Graphitization in C/C composites .....................................128
6.3 Concluding remarks ....................................................................130 References ...................................................................................132
Contents vii
CHAPTER 7Template Carbonization: Morphology and Pore Control ................................................. 133
7.1Template carbonization for morphological control .....................134
7.1.1 Inorganic layered compounds ...........................................134
7.1.2 Anodic aluminum oxide . lms ...........................................135
7.1.3 Organic foams ...................................................................138
7.2Template carbonization for pore-structure control ......................139
7.2.1 Zeolites ..............................................................................139
7.2.2 Mesoporous silicas ............................................................142
7.2.3 MgO ..................................................................................145
7.2.4 Block copolymer surfactants (soft templates) ...................149
7.2.5 Metal-organic frameworks ................................................153
7.2.6 Other templates .................................................................154
7.3 Concluding remarks ....................................................................155 References ...................................................................................159
CHAPTER 8Carbon Nano.bers Via Electrospinning ................ 165
8.1 Carbon nano.bers synthesized via electrospinning ....................166
8.1.1 Polyacrylonitrile ................................................................166
8.1.2 Pitch...................................................................................170
8.1.3 Polyimides .........................................................................171
8.1.4 Poly(vinylidene . uoride) ..................................................171
8.1.5 Phenolic resins ..................................................................172
8.2 Applications ................................................................................172
8.2.1 Electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors ...........172
8.2.2 Anode materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries ....175
8.2.3 Catalyst support .................................................................178
8.2.4 Composite with carbon nanotubes ....................................180
8.3 Concluding remarks ....................................................................180
8.3.1 Carbon precursors .............................................................180
8.3.2 Pore-structure control ........................................................182
8.3.3 Improvement of electrical conductivity ............................184
8.3.4 Loading of metallic species ...............................................185 References ...................................................................................186
CHAPTER 9Carbon Foams ..................................................... 189
9.1Preparation of carbon foams .......................................................190
9.1.1 Exfoliation and compaction of graphite ............................190
9.1.2 Blowing of carbon precursors ...........................................193
9.1.3 Template carbonization .....................................................198
9.2Applications of carbon foams .....................................................201
9.2.1 Thermal energy storage .....................................................202
9.2.2 Electrodes ..........................................................................207
9.2.3 Adsorption .........................................................................208
9.2.4 Other applications .............................................................209
9.3 Concluding remarks ....................................................................210 References ...................................................................................212
CHAPTER 10Nanoporous Carbon Membranes and Webs .........................................................215
10.1 Synthesis ...................................................................................216
10.1.1 Pyrolysis and carbonization of organic precursors .......216
10.1.2 Templating ....................................................................219
10.1.3 Chemical and physical vapor deposition ......................222
10.1.4 Formation of carbon nanotubes and nano.bers ...........223
10.2 Applications .............................................................................224
10.2.1 Adsorbents ....................................................................224
10.2.2 Separation membranes .................................................225
10.2.3 Chemical sensors and biosensors .................................228
10.2.4 Electrodes .....................................................................229
10.2.5 Other applications.........................................................231
10.3 Concluding remarks .................................................................231 References ................................................................................233
CHAPTER 11Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors ........................................................237
11.1 Symmetrical supercapacitors ....................................................239
11.1.1 Activated carbons .........................................................239
11.1.2 Templated carbons ........................................................243
11.1.3 Other carbons ...............................................................246
11.1.4 Carbons containing foreign atoms ................................248
11.1.5 Carbon nanotubes and nano.bers.................................252
11.2 Asymmetrical supercapacitors .................................................254
11.3 Asymmetrical capacitors ..........................................................256
11.4Carbon-coating of electrode materials .....................................258
11.5 Concluding remarks .................................................................260 References ................................................................................261
CHAPTER 12Carbon Materials in Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries .....................................267
12.1 Anode materials ........................................................................268
12.1.1 Materials .......................................................................268
12.1.2 Carbon coating of graphite ...........................................270
Contents
12.1.3 Carbon coating of Li 4Ti5O12..........................................275
12.2 Cathode materials .....................................................................278
12.2.1 Materials .......................................................................278
12.2.2 Carbon coating of LiFePO 4..........................................279
12.3 Concluding remarks .................................................................283 References ................................................................................284
CHAPTER 13 Carbon Materials in Photocatalysis ....................289
13.1 TiO -loaded activated carbons ..................................................290
13.2Mixture of activated carbon and TiO ......................................295
13.3 Carbon-doped TiO ...................................................................297
13.4 Carbon-coated TiO ..................................................................300
13.5Synthesis of novel photocatalysts via carbon coating ..............305
13.5.1 Carbon-coated Ti O .................................................305
13.5.2 Carbon-coated W O ..................................................305
1849
13.5.3 TiO 2 co-modi.ed by carbon and iron ...........................305
13.6 Concluding remarks .................................................................306
References.............................................................................308CHAPTER 14 Carbon Materials for Spilled-oil Recovery ..........313
14.1Sorption capacity for heavy oils ...............................................314
14.1.1 Exfoliated graphite .......................................................314
14.1.2 Carbonized . r . bers .....................................................318
14.1.3 Carbon . bers ................................................................318
14.1.4 Carbon nanotube sponge ..............................................319
14.1.5 Other carbon materials .................................................320
14.2 Selectivity of sorption ..............................................................320
14.3 Sorption kinetics .......................................................................321
14.4Cycle performance of carbon sorbents and heavy oils .............323
14.5Preliminary experiments for practical recovery of spilled heavy oils ..................................................................326
14.5.1 Exfoliated graphite packed into a plastic bag ...............326
14.5.2 Formed exfoliated graphite...........................................327
14.5.3 Heavy oil sorption from contaminated sand .................328
14.5.4 Sorption of heavy-oil mousse .......................................329
14.5.5 TiO 2 -loaded exfoliated graphite ...................................329
14.6 Concluding remarks .................................................................329
14.6.1 Comparison among carbon materials ...........................329
14.6.2 Mechanism of heavy oil sorption .................................331
14.6.3 Comparison with other materials .................................332 References ................................................................................333
CHAPTER 15Carbon Materials for Adsorption of Molecules and Ions .......................................335
15.1Adsorption and storage of hydrogen ........................................336
15.2Adsorption and storage of methane and methane hydrate .......339
15.3Adsorption and storage of CO2................................................. 343
15.4Adsorption of organic molecules .............................................346
15.4.1 Organic gases (including VOCs) ..................................346
15.4.2 Organic molecules in water ..........................................350
15.5Adsorption and removal of heavy-metal ions in water .............353
15.6 Capacitive deionization ............................................................354
15.7 Concluding remarks .................................................................356 References ................................................................................357
CHAPTER 16Highly Oriented Graphite with High Thermal Conductivity ................................363
16.1 Preparation................................................................................364
16.2 Characterization........................................................................366
16.3Carbon materials with high thermal conductivity ....................370
16.3.1 Pyrolytic graphite .........................................................370
16.3.2 Polyimide-derived graphite ..........................................373
16.3.3 Natural graphite and its composites .............................374
16.3.4 Carbon . bers ................................................................376
16.3.5 Carbon nanotubes and graphene...................................378
16.3.6 Diamond and diamond-like carbons .............................379
16.4 Concluding remarks .................................................................382 References ................................................................................384
CHAPTER 17Isotropic High-density Graphite and Nuclear Applications ..................................387
17.1 Production ................................................................................388
17.2 Properties ..................................................................................392
17.3 Nuclear applications .................................................................400
17.3.1 Fission reactors .............................................................400
17.3.2 Fusion reactors .............................................................405
17.4 Concluding remarks .................................................................406 References ................................................................................409
INDEX .....................................................................................411
