內容簡介
本書以鋁合金艦艇為研究對象，闡述了艦艇使用環境及自身腐蝕環境、鋁合金艦艇腐蝕試驗與評定方法，重點對常用材料腐蝕特性、電化學保護設計、表面防護、塗料與塗裝、防腐蝕結構設計等進行了分析和研究，通過試驗對比、仿真研究等，提出了鋁合金艦艇塗裝保護、電化學保護最佳化設計、微弧氧化等先進方法，並在實際過程中得到套用； 論述了鋁合金艦艇設計、製造、使用和維護過程中的腐蝕控制方法和要求。 本書的重點是鋁合金塗裝保護、電化學保護、表面防護的先進方法的論述和提出，書中涉及的環氧樹脂塗料、微弧氧化技術、邊界元陰極最佳化保護設計技術以及艦艇全壽命周期的腐蝕控制系統工程思想，體現了鋁合金艦艇腐蝕控制最新研究成果。 本書的讀者對象為從事船舶設計、研製、試驗、使用和保障的工程技術人員以及大專院校腐蝕與防護專業的師生，也可供從事其他領域腐蝕控制的工程技術人員參考。
This book is intended to elaborate corrosion test and assessment methods of the aluminum alloy vessel in the service and internal environment, the aim of which is to analyze and investigate the general materials corrosion character, electrochemical protection design, surface protection, paint and coating, anti-corrosion structural design, etc. In this book, advanced technologies for corrosion protection of aluminum alloy vessels such as coating protection, optimum design of electrochemical protection and micro-arc oxidation is forward by testing comparison and simulation, along with their practical application. Meanwhile, corrosion control methods and requirements for the aluminum alloy vessels during the processes of design, manufacture, service and maintenance are set forth in detail. The book emphasizes on exposition of advanced technologies for aluminum alloy anticorrosive coating, electrochemical and surface protection. The technologies such as new-type epoxy coating, micro-arc oxidation, boundary element optimum design of cathodic protection, and the systematic engineering view of life cycle corrosion control for the vessel, which involved in this book, are all growing out of the latest research results for the corrosion control of aluminum alloy vessels. This book is geared toward engineering staffs or college teachers and students that engaged in ship design, R&D, test, service and maintenance. It should also be useful as a reference to the corrosion engineers in other fields.
目錄
第1章概論
1.1概述
1.2艦艇腐蝕常見類型
1.3艦艇腐蝕原因分析
1.4鋁合金艦艇常見的腐蝕類型
1.5船舶海生物污損
第2章鋁合金艦艇的使用環境
2.1我國艦艇的使用海域環境
2.1.1我國沿海特徵環境腐蝕因素
2.1.2我國海區的自然特徵
2.2艦艇自身腐蝕環境
2.2.1船體水線下區域腐蝕
2.2.2船體水線區腐蝕
2.2.3船體水線上結構腐蝕
2.2.4船體內部艙室腐蝕
2.2.5船舶管路腐蝕
2.2.6船舶的異常腐蝕——雜散電流腐蝕
第3章腐蝕試驗
3.1概述
3.2腐蝕試驗方法
3.2.1實驗室試驗
3.2.2現場試驗
3.2.3實船試驗
3.3腐蝕試驗結果處理與評定
3.3.1常用腐蝕評定方法
3.3.2腐蝕評定指標選擇
3.4典型腐蝕試驗實施
3.4.1電化學測試試驗
3.4.2實驗室腐蝕試驗
3.4.3局部腐蝕試驗
3.4.4加速腐蝕試驗
3.4.5自然環境中的腐蝕試驗
第4章鋁合金艦艇常用材料腐蝕特性
4.1概述
4.2鋁合金材料的腐蝕特性
4.2.1鋁合金在海水中的腐蝕類型
4.2.2鋁合金在海洋環境中的自然腐蝕
4.3金屬材料在艦艇上的匹配原則
4.3.1不同金屬自然腐蝕電位和電偶序
4.3.2鋁合金在靜態海水中的電偶腐蝕
4.3.3鋁合金動態海水中的電偶電流
4.3.4鋁合金匹配選擇結論
第5章鋁合金表面防護
5.1鋁合金表面防護體系
5.1.1鋁合金表面氧化膜
5.1.2鋁合金預處理典型形式
5.1.3鋁合金表面處理典型形式
5.2金屬覆蓋層
5.2.1鋁合金電鍍
5.2.2鋁合金化學鍍
5.2.3鋁合金熱噴塗
5.3化學覆蓋層
5.3.1化學轉化
5.3.2磷化處理
5.4陽極氧化
5.4.1陽極氧化原理
5.4.2陽極氧化的種類
5.4.3陽極氧化膜的結構、性質與套用
5.4.4陽極氧化膜的封孔處理
5.4.5陽極氧化膜的檢驗
5.4.6普通陽極氧化
5.4.7硬質陽極氧化
5.4.8微弧氧化
5.4.9氧化工藝在船舶上的套用
5.5防鏽劑
5.5.1酸性介質中鋁用緩蝕劑
5.5.2鹼性介質中鋁用緩蝕劑
5.5.3脫水型防鏽劑
5.6襯塑與塗塑
第6章電化學保護與設計
6.1概述
6.2鋁合金在海水中的電化學特性
6.2.1鋁合金在靜態海水中的腐蝕電位
6.2.2鋁合金在動態海水中的腐蝕電位
6.2.3鋁合金在海水中的極化曲線
6.3鋁合金犧牲陽極
6.3.1鋁鋅銦鎂鈦陽極產物分析
6.3.2陽極改性與電化學性能測試
6.3.3犧牲陽極室內模擬乾濕交替試驗
6.3.4結論
6.4船體犧牲陽極保護設計
6.4.1防腐塗層不完整率的表現形式
6.4.2設定犧牲陽極的數學模型
6.4.3仿真計算中考慮的基本因素
6.5管路陰極保護
6.5.1鋁合金船舶用管系材料
6.5.2鋁質管系的陰極防護
6.6鋁合金船舶噴水推進流道系統電解防污
6.6.1保護電位範圍
6.6.2保護電流量
6.6.3防腐防污保護系統
6.6.4海水流道電解防污技術方案
6.6.5電解防污效果
6.6.6有效氯技術對鋁合金管道腐蝕的影響
6.7船舶內艙艙底的陰極保護
6.7.1鋁質艙底板及鋁質管道專用犧牲陽極
6.7.2內艙艙底的犧牲陽極保護
第7章鋁合金艇塗料與塗裝
7.1概述
7.1.1塗料的組成
7.1.2塗料的作用
7.1.3塗料的發展和要求
7.2塗料選擇與配套
7.2.1塗料的選擇
7.2.2塗料的配套
7.2.3塗料的使用壽命
7.3塗裝前表面處理方法
7.3.1水線以下區域
7.3.2乾舷、上層建築等區域
7.4塗裝方法與塗裝管理
7.4.1塗裝管理與控制
7.4.2鋁艇專用塗料及塗裝方法
7.4.3艇底塗裝方案與實施步驟
7.4.4迷彩船殼塗料塗裝程式及要求
7.4.5防滑甲板塗料塗裝程式及要求
7.4.6新塢修艇塗裝應注意問題
第8章鋁合金艦艇防腐蝕結構設計
8.1常用防腐蝕設計方法
8.2鋁合金船體的防腐蝕措施及實施
8.3設計過程中防腐蝕工作
8.4異種金屬構件連線部位防止電偶腐蝕的設計
第9章製造過程中的腐蝕防護與控制
9.1一般原則
9.2選材和設計過程中的腐蝕防護與控制
9.2.1正確選材
9.2.2合理設計
9.3加工製造過程中的腐蝕防護與控制
9.3.1冷加工
9.3.2熱加工
9.4 安裝、運行及維修保養過程中的腐蝕防護與控制
9.4.1安裝
9.4.2運行
9.4.3維護保養
9.4.4貯存運輸
第10章鋁合金艦艇防腐蝕系統的維護與修理
10.1腐蝕監測、檢測、檢查
10.1.1概述
10.1.2腐蝕檢測和檢查的方法
10.2鋁合金艦艇腐蝕性檢查重點部位及方法
10.3腐蝕環境監測和電位檢測
10.3.1腐蝕環境監測
10.3.2腐蝕電位監測
10.4防腐蝕維護保養及修理
10.4.1鋁合金艦艇維護保養過程中的防腐蝕要點和方法
10.4.2鋁合金艦艇修理過程中的防腐蝕重點
10.4.3鋁合金艇的維修環境
10.4.4典型的防止異種金屬接觸腐蝕措施的修復要求
10.4.5鋁合金艇上犧牲陽極的更換
10.4.6典型鋁合金艦艇船體腐蝕損傷常見部位
10.4.7管路及附屬檔案的維護保養
10.4.8噴泵推進裝置的維護保養
10.4.9齒輪箱的維護保養
10.4.10柴油機的維護保養
10.4.11艙底的清潔
參考文獻
Contents
Chapter 1Introduction1
1.1Summary1
1.2Common corrosion of the vessel9
1.3Vessel corrosion reason analysis18
1.4Typical corrosion forms of aluminum alloy vessel20
1.5Biofouling of the vessel24
Chapter 2Service environment of aluminum alloy vessel27
2.1Offshore service environment of Chinese vessels27
2.1.1Characteristic environment corrosion factors in coastal areas of China28
2.1.2Sea area natural features of China36
2.2Internal corrosion environment of the vessels44
2.2.1Underwater hull corrosion44
2.2.2Hull waterline zone corrosion45
2.2.3Hull construction corrosion above waterline46
2.2.4Interior tanks corrosion46
2.2.5Vessel pipeline system corrosion47
2.2.6Abnormal corrosion of vessel-spurious current corrosion49
Chapter 3Corrosion tests51
3.1Summary51
3.2Corrosion testing methods51
3.2.1Laboratory test51
3.2.2Filed test54
3.2.3Full-scale test55
3.3Corrosion testing results processing and assessment56
3.3.1Common corrosion assessment methods56
3.3.2Corrosion assessment selection65
3.4Typical corrosion tests67
3.4.1Electrochemical measurements67
3.4.2Laboratory corrosion testing71
3.4.3Local corrosion tests76
3.4.4Accelerated corrosion tests79
3.4.5Natural environment corrosion tests 81
Chapter 4Corrosion character of conventional materials for aluminum alloy vessel87
4.1Summary87
4.2Corrosion character of aluminum alloys87
4.2.1Seawater corrosion types of aluminum alloy 88
4.2.2Natural corrosion of aluminum alloy in marine environment 95
4.3Matching principle of the marine metal materials108
4.3.1Natural corrosion galvanic series of different metals109
4.3.2Galvanic corrosion of aluminum alloy in the static seawater112
4.3.3Galvanic current of aluminum alloy in the flowing seawater118
4.3.4Aluminum alloy matching and selection conclusion122
Chapter 5Surface protection of aluminum alloys123
5.1Surface protection system of aluminum alloy123
5.1.1Oxide film of aluminum alloy124
5.1.2Typical pretreatment forms of aluminum alloy124
5.1.3Typical surface treatment forms of aluminum alloy128
5.2Metal coating128
5.2.1Aluminum alloy electroplating128
5.2.2Aluminum alloy electroless plating135
5.2.3Aluminum alloy thermal spraying137
5.3Chemical coating139
5.3.1Chemical conversion139
5.3.2Phosphating144
5.4Anodizing151
5.4.1Anodic oxidation theory151
5.4.2Anodic oxidation types151
5.4.3Structure, character and application of anodic oxide film152
5.4.4Sealing of anodic oxide film153
5.4.5Inspection of anodic oxide film155
5.4.6Conventional anodic oxidation157
5.4.7Hard anodic oxidation158
5.4.8Micro-arc oxidation159
5.4.9Application of oxidation process in ship162
5.5Anti-corrosion composition169
5.5.1Corrosion inhibitor of aluminum alloy in acidic medium170
5.5.2Corrosion inhibitor of aluminum alloy in base medium171
5.5.3Water displacement anti-corrosion composition171
5.6Plasticlining and plasticcoating172
Chapter 6Electrochemical protection and design174
6.1Summary174
6.2Electrochemical characters of aluminum alloy in seawater174
6.2.1Corrosion potentials of aluminum alloy in static seawater174
6.2.2Corrosion potentials of aluminum alloy in flowing seawater177
6.2.3Polarization curves of aluminum alloy in seawater178
6.3Aluminum alloys sacrificial anode180
6.3.1Analysis of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti anode corrosion products180
6.3.2Anode modification and electrochemical performance measurement181
6.3.3Alternate wetting and drying laboratory simulation test of sacrificial anode183
6.3.4Conclusion185
6.4Hull sacrificial anode protection186
6.4.1Incomplete rate manifestation of anticorrosive coating186
6.4.2Sacrificial anode mathematical modeling188
6.4.3Basic consideration of simulating calculation191
6.5Cathodic protection for pipeline193
6.5.1Pipeline materials of aluminum alloy vessels193
6.5.2Aluminum pipeline system cathodic protection195
6.6Electrolysis anti-fouling of aluminum alloy vessel water jet propulsion
channel system198
6.6.1Range of protective potential200
6.6.2Protective amperage200
6.6.3Anticorrosion and antifouling system201
6.6.4Seawater channel electrolysis antifouling technical proposal205
6.6.5Electrolysis antifouling effect206
6.6.6Effect of available chlorine technology on aluminum pipeline207
6.7Cathodic protection for interior tank bottom210
6.7.1Dedicated sacrificial anode for aluminum tank ceiling board and pipeline211
6.7.2Interior tank bottom sacrificial anode protection212
Chapter 7Paint and painting of aluminum alloy vessel215
7.1Summary215
7.1.1The composition of the coatings215
7.1.2The effects of coatings216
7.1.3The requirement and development of coatings217
7.2Coating selection and matching217
7.2.1Paint selection217
7.2.2Paint matching219
7.2.3The service life of the coating230
7.3Surface preparation methods230
7.3.1Underwater zone231
7.3.2Freeboard and topside232
7.4Coating process and management233
7.4.1Painting management and control233
7.4.2Dedicated paint and painting method for aluminum vessels241
7.4.3Vessel bottom painting scheme and implementation steps244
7.4.4Camouflage hull painting scheme and requirement247
7.4.5Non-skid deck paint coating scheme and requirement248
7.4.6Attention to the painting of newly docking-repaired vessel250
Chapter 8Aluminum alloy vessel structural design for corrosion prevention251
8.1Common anti-corrosion design methods251
8.2Measures and implements for corrosion prevention of aluminum alloy vessels255
8.3Corrosion prevention in design process258
8.4Galvanic corrosion prevention design of dissimilar metals connectors259
Chapter 9Corrosion prevent and control in the manufacturing process262
9.1General principle262
9.2Corrosion prevent and control in the process of material selection and design262
9.2.1Correct way to materials selection 262
9.2.2Reasonable design264
9.3Corrosion prevent and control during manufacturing process270
9.3.1Cold processing270
9.3.2Hot processing271
9.4Corrosion prevent and control in the process of installation，service and
maintenance272
9.4.1Installation272
9.4.2Service273
9.4.3Maintenance and preservation273
9.4.4Reserve and transport273
Chapter 10Corrosion prevention system maintenance and repair for aluminum alloy
vessel274
10.1Corrosion monitoring and detecting274
10.1.1Summary274
10.1.2Methods of corrosion monitoring and detecting275
10.2Key positions and methods of corrosion detection of aluminum alloy vessel279
10.3Corrosion environment monitoring and potential detection299
10.3.1Corrosion monitoring and inspection299
10.3.2Corrosion potential monitoring301
10.4Corrosion prevention in the process of maintenance and repair 307
10.4.1Essential and methods for aluminum alloy vessels maintenance and
preservation307
10.4.2Key points of corrosion prevention during the process of aluminum alloy vessels
maintenance307
10.4.3Maintenance environment of aluminum alloy vessel308
10.4.4Typical repair requirements for dissimilar metal contact corrosion prevention308
10.4.5Change for aluminum alloy vessels sacrificial anode310
10.4.6Common corrosion damage position of typical aluminum alloy vessels hull311
10.4.7Maintenance and reservation for pipeline and attachments312
10.4.8Jet pump to promote the maintenance device313
10.4.9Maintenance and reservation for gear case315
10.4.10Maintenance and reservation for diesel engine316
10.4.11Tank bottom cleaning316
References318"
