內容簡介
由於犯罪學家對“迷亂”這一核心概念的理解與解釋各不相同，自20世紀中葉至本世紀初，他們運用不同的實證研究方法對這一概念進行了研究，以期發現預測個人與社會迷亂程度的關聯因素。
具體而言，《社會迷亂決定因素研究(英文版)》所使用之原始數據源自1995年《歐洲與世界價值觀調查》（Europe and World Value Survey）及聯合國有關調查。在對社會迷亂理論進行系統理論回顧、梳理及對既往實證研究進行總結後，藉助分層線性模型，系統研究30個主要國家及地區的人口變數及經濟變數在個人與國家層面上對社會迷亂之影響。
本項實證研究的結果表明，在諸多涉及個人層面的人口變數之中，性別、年齡和婚姻狀況等三個主要變數為社會迷亂理論之重要預測因素。而部分與經濟有關的變數在個人和國家層面上均顯示出對社會迷亂顯著的影響。在全部自變數中，社會變遷，特別是一個國家是否曾經歷劇烈的歷史變遷，對社會迷亂的影響最甚。這項研究支持下述假設：諸國均存在一定程度的社會迷亂，社會迷亂如涂爾幹所預測的那樣具有普遍性；當個人關注於物質財富上的成功而甚少關注以合理合法的手段來取得這一成功的時候，社會迷亂就會發生；美國社會迷亂的平均水平並非如默頓所預言的那么高，這或許表明“美國夢”正逐漸喪失其由金錢及物慾驅動的本性，人們的思想正在經歷一系列的“價值轉變”。
圖書目錄
CHAPTER ONE STATEMNET OF THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Main Criminological Theories to Explain Crime
Anomie Theory
Verification of A Theory
Purpose of The Current Study
The Current Study
Organization of The Book
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE
Historical Evolution of Anomie Theory
Theoretical Perspectives
The Anomie Perspective
Durkheim's Theory on Social Structure and Anomie
Merton's Instrumental Anomie and Differential Opportunity Strain
Recent Revisions to Anomie Theory——Messner and Rosenfeld's Institutional Anomie Theory
The Strain Perspeetive——A Brief Discussion
Definition and Consequences of Anomie
Durkheim and Merton's Conceptualization of Anomie
Later Conceptualization of Anomie
Macro-social Anomie vs. Micro-individual Anomie
Operationalization of the Concept of Anomie Scales of Anomie
Explanatory Variables Used in the Previous Studies
One Country Studies:Economic-related Explanatory Variables and Findings
One Country Studies:Non-economic Explanatory Variables and Findings
Cross-national Studies:Explanatory Variables and Findings
Significance of The Current Study
CHAPTER THREE METHODS
The Research Hypotheses
The Necessity of Using Multilevel Analysis
The Importance of Multi-Level Analysis
Limitations of Previous Statistical Techniques in Conducting Multi-Level Analysis
The Advantages of Using Multilevel Statistical Methods
Procedures in Conducting the HLM Analysis
The Sample
Individual-level Data Source:The World Values Survey
National-level Data Sources
The Variables
The Dependent Variable
The Independent Variables
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS
Descriptive Analysis
Nation Differences in Anomie
The Independent Variables at the Individual-level
The Independent Variables at the National-level
The HLM Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Clarification of the Concept of Anomie
The Determinants of Anomie
Explaining the Low Level of Anomie in the United States
Monetary Success vs. Legitimate Means
Further Discussions on the "Value Shift"
The Effect of Rapid Social Change on Anomie
Change from One Type of Society to Another ——The Nation Effect on Anomie
Interaction of Economic Growth with Nation Type
The Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for the Future Research
Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDIX ONE
APPENDIX TWO
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
後記
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作者簡介
Dr. Ruohui Zhao is currently an assistant professor of criminology at University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. She earned her Ph.D. in cririainal justice from University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA. Her research interests include criminological theory, juvenile delinquency, and community-based corrections. Her articles have recently appeared or are forthcoming in such journals as Social Forces, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, and Criminal Justice and Behavior.
