Overview
The yellow River is China's second longest river, the fifth longest in the world The yellow River is China's second longest river, the fifth longest in the world . originate north foot of Mt. Bayankala about basin, meanders eastward, crossing the Great Plains of the Huang - Huai - Hai Plain and the Loess Plateau,
Yu Yafei into Bohai Sea to the Yellow River "celebrates the spirit of the Yellow River:" The mighty Yellow River through the rainbow, the waves are majestic and Ben Tao diarrhea; Stone Mountain blocking barrier screen difficult, impenetrable total flow east " Yu Yafei into Bohai Sea to the Yellow River "celebrates the spirit of the Yellow River:" The mighty Yellow River through the rainbow, the waves are majestic and Ben Tao diarrhea; Stone Mountain blocking barrier screen difficult, impenetrable total flow east ". Yellow River (Huanghe), stretching over 5,464 kilometers, water fall of Yellow River (Huanghe), stretching over 5,464 kilometers, water fall of .
4480 m. Its whole area is 79 km2 (including area with an area of 2 square kilometers), an average flow of 1774. 5 m3 / s 1500 - meter wide river estuary,typically on the order of 500 meters, narrower at only 300 meters, whose depth is 2. 5 meters, the depth where there is only 1. 2 ~ 1. 3 meters
of the Yellow River in "" shape flows in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces due to of the Yellow River in "" shape flows in Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces due to . nine rivers flowing through the middle of China's Loess Plateau, the entrainment of large amounts of sediment, so it is also referred to as" the most sandiness river in the world nine rivers flowing through the middle of China's Loess Plateau, the entrainment of large amounts of sediment, so it is also referred to as" the most sandiness river in the world .
left the river were a bit like the poem said: "The roar rolling dunes Teng, a turbulent macro momentum all the way to the shore scared left the river were a bit like the poem said: "The roar rolling dunes Teng, a turbulent macro momentum all the way to the shore scared . crack through the earth, with a puff firmament crack through the earth, with a puff firmament .
Xiao" in Chinese history,The Yellow River Valley civilization bring quite a lot, and it is the most important birthplaces of Chinese known as the "Mother River" Xiao" in Chinese history,The Yellow River Valley civilization bring quite a lot, and it is the most important birthplaces of Chinese known as the "Mother River" .
Watershed Terrain
At the headwaters of the Yellow River flows through the district from the Guide to the multi - plateau and mountains of grassland, the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau, are at an altitude above 3000m peaks exceed 4000 meters, the headwaters of the river valley, at an altitude of 4,200 meters, Heyuan section valley on gentle terrain or poor drainage, large swamps, and lakes; Guide from Mengjin River is the Loess Plateau, the Loess Plateau in the west is Lvliang and to the wave, to the south and the Weihe River valley to the north, abutting on the Ordos Plateau, west to lanzhou valley in the loess plateau at an altitude of 1000 - 1300 meter high, undulating topography, with deep ditches, steep slopes and ravines slope is 15 - 20 degrees, the areas (40 - 50%,channel density 3 - 5 km / km2 with a cutting depth of 100 metres above sea level; the Mengjin, entering into North China and flat terrain, elevation does not exceed 50 metres downstream after the river flat, the average gradient is only 0. 12%, the water becomes shallow, silt - laden water, 4 - 5 meters above the ground; due to the Yellow River has been diverted repeatedly, with a total area of a fan of the old riverbed and ancient natural dike becomes slow with the number of depressions alternating with plain, in the depressions, a broad flat
Named For
"River" in the period before the Qin is substantially exclusive of the Yellow River, the river is called "Chuan" or "water" (but there are exceptions, such as The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "The Kunlun Mountains, longitudinal Guangzhou Wanli, thousands of miles high in the event, go to the mountain of Artemisia annum, Qinghe, White River, Red River, Heihe ring which lay at the guchengxu "River" in the period before the Qin is substantially exclusive of the Yellow River, the river is called "Chuan" or "water" (but there are exceptions, such as The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "The Kunlun Mountains, longitudinal Guangzhou Wanli, thousands of miles high in the event, go to the mountain of Artemisia annum, Qinghe, White River, Red River, Heihe ring which lay at the guchengxu .") of the Pre - Qin literature could not be found in the Yellow River, is a book written in the Emperor Wudi of the Han and the levy of the "Shiji" nor the whole of the Yellow River's ") of the Pre - Qin literature could not be found in the Yellow River, is a book written in the Emperor Wudi of the Han and the levy of the "Shiji" nor the whole of the Yellow River's .
As scholar Li E Wing), who is first seen in the Yellow River in Eastern Han Ban Gu Geography "in the" Changshan County, Yuanshi County "of the Explanations of the As scholar Li E Wing), who is first seen in the Yellow River in Eastern Han Ban Gu Geography "in the" Changshan County, Yuanshi County "of the Explanations of the . in the Yellow River," Yellow "word used to describe river water of turbidity, which has also been documented in ancient texts and also:Warring States Period (475 - 221 BC), the "Zuo Zhuan, Duke 2008" zheng siqi of sub - lead "Yi Zhou s here aft one disappeared from view, geometric Life!"; "Verifying on the released water from" along with "Ogre Kunlun, color white, the canal and a thousand seven hundred Yichuan, Huang in the Yellow River," Yellow "word used to describe river water of turbidity, which has also been documented in ancient texts and also:Warring States Period (475 - 221 BC), the "Zuo Zhuan, Duke 2008" zheng siqi of sub - lead "Yi Zhou s here aft one disappeared from view, geometric Life!"; "Verifying on the released water from" along with "Ogre Kunlun, color white, the canal and a thousand seven hundred Yichuan, Huang .
color" color".
Historical Development
In Ancient Times
Ancient times, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River area has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, which may be suitable for the original human survival Ancient times, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River area has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, which may be suitable for the original human survival . Loess Plateau and the Yellow River alluvial plain, the soil is loose and easy, to adapt to the development of original Loess Plateau and the Yellow River alluvial plain, the soil is loose and easy, to adapt to the development of original .
characteristic of loess, which is beneficial to the ancestors inhabited dig characteristic of loess, which is beneficial to the ancestors inhabited dig .
110 - Million - Year - Old
Early in the 110 - million - year - old, Lantian Man in the Yellow River has life Early in the 110 - million - year - old, Lantian Man in the Yellow River has life . Dali man, Ding Cunren, Hetao Man and so also in the watershed and the birdlife Dali man, Ding Cunren, Hetao Man and so also in the watershed and the birdlife .
Yangshao Culture and Majiayao culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan Reservoir and the archaeological sites throughout the river Yangshao Culture and Majiayao culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan Reservoir and the archaeological sites throughout the river . these ancient ruins not only number, type, and is from near and far and continued development of its emergence, the development of Chinese ancient civilization process these ancient ruins not only number, type, and is from near and far and continued development of its emergence, the development of Chinese ancient civilization process .
6000 Years Ago
6000 years ago, has begun to appear in the watershed of the farming activities (6000 years ago, has begun to appear in the watershed of the farming activities (. perhaps 4000 years ago, the watershed formed some of the consanguinity of clan - tribe, to which the Yan Emperor, the two most powerful Hawiye perhaps 4000 years ago, the watershed formed some of the consanguinity of clan - tribe, to which the Yan Emperor, the two most powerful Hawiye .
later, Huangdi acquired Alliance Leader's status, and other tribal fusion, formed the "Huaxia" later, Huangdi acquired Alliance Leader's status, and other tribal fusion, formed the "Huaxia" . descendants of the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor in Xinzheng, Henan Province, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor Gong, in Huangling county of Shaanxi province have the Tomb of Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), the world of the yellow emperor and put the Yellow River as the cradle of the Chinese nation, the Yellow River is called the "mother river", as s" the fatherof all rivers, "the Yellow Earth as its" root" descendants of the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor in Xinzheng, Henan Province, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor Gong, in Huangling county of Shaanxi province have the Tomb of Huangdi (Yellow Emperor), the world of the yellow emperor and put the Yellow River as the cradle of the Chinese nation, the Yellow River is called the "mother river", as s" the fatherof all rivers, "the Yellow Earth as its" root" .
4000 Years Ago
from the 21st century, hitherto a 4,000 - year history, the Chinese dynasties, whose capital was at the time of stretch from the 21st century, hitherto a 4,000 - year history, the Chinese dynasties, whose capital was at the time of stretch . 3000 years Chinese history of "the Seven Great Ancient Capitals of China", in the Yellow River Valley and neighboring areas of Anyang, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xi' an Xianyang (containing four 3000 years Chinese history of "the Seven Great Ancient Capitals of China", in the Yellow River Valley and neighboring areas of Anyang, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xi' an Xianyang (containing four .
), From the Western Zhou, Qin, Han to the Sui, Tang, a total of 13 dynasties, millennia - long history, famous as the "eight water emperors" ), From the Western Zhou, Qin, Han to the Sui, Tang, a total of 13 dynasties, millennia - long history, famous as the "eight water emperors" . Luoyang Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, the Later Liang, and Later Zhou dynasties in Luoyang was the capital city, also lasted 900 years, is reputed to be the capital of nine dynasties" Luoyang Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Wei, Sui, Tang, the Later Liang, and Later Zhou dynasties in Luoyang was the capital city, also lasted 900 years, is reputed to be the capital of nine dynasties".
located on the south bank of the Yellow River of Kaifeng, named Bianliang, Autumn Dai in Geography and moved the capital to Daliang, which in turn was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted about 200 years located on the south bank of the Yellow River of Kaifeng, named Bianliang, Autumn Dai in Geography and moved the capital to Daliang, which in turn was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted about 200 years . for a fairly long historical period, China's political, economic, and cultural center for a fairly long historical period, China's political, economic, and cultural center .
in the Yellow River Basin in the Yellow River Basin.
Around 2000 BC
middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is the national science and technology and the development of literature of the earliest areas in middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is the national science and technology and the development of literature of the earliest areas in . around 2000 BCE, which had occurred in the watershed of the bronzes, the Shang Dynasty, bronze smelting technology has reached a fairly high level, and the smelting of iron began to appear, marking the productivity develops into a new stage in the Luoyang around 2000 BCE, which had occurred in the watershed of the bronzes, the Shang Dynasty, bronze smelting technology has reached a fairly high level, and the smelting of iron began to appear, marking the productivity develops into a new stage in the Luoyang .
through the series of processes of iron adzes and axes, indicating that China's development technique used to soften the cast iron will take more time than Europe as early as 2000 years through the series of processes of iron adzes and axes, indicating that China's development technique used to soften the cast iron will take more time than Europe as early as 2000 years . Chinese ancient four great inventions of paper making, printing, compass, gunpowder, are generated in the Yellow River Basin from Chinese ancient four great inventions of paper making, printing, compass, gunpowder, are generated in the Yellow River Basin from .
Songs, art and so a lot of classic works of literature,and a lot of cultural classics, are also produced here Songs, art and so a lot of classic works of literature,and a lot of cultural classics, are also produced here . Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the country's economic center is gradually transferring to the South, but in China, the political, economic, cultural development, especially in the course of the Yellow River and the Yellow River Plain still plays an important role in the Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the country's economic center is gradually transferring to the South, but in China, the political, economic, cultural development, especially in the course of the Yellow River and the Yellow River Plain still plays an important role in the .
Explore Riverhead
Yellow River rises in Qinghai Province of the Mts. Bayan Har, but the real source is still questionable in the history of the people of the Huanghe River by means of a process to realize a in the history of the people of the Huanghe River by means of a process to realize a .
Early
Discussion on the Tribute of Yu ever had "lead river in Jishi, Dragon's Gate", "stone" in today's Xunhua Salar near Glaciations, near the headwaters of the Yellow River distance still Discussion on the Tribute of Yu ever had "lead river in Jishi, Dragon's Gate", "stone" in today's Xunhua Salar near Glaciations, near the headwaters of the Yellow River distance still . "Shan Hai Jing", "Erya", "Waterways" have a river of the West Kunlun record "Shan Hai Jing", "Erya", "Waterways" have a river of the West Kunlun record .
zhang qian on a mission, to have originated in the Yellow River", flows eastward to the Shiozawa, creeping underground, out of the headwaters for the south of New York, which is to be found in the Dawan Commentary Section of the Grand Historian ") zhang qian on a mission, to have originated in the Yellow River", flows eastward to the Shiozawa, creeping underground, out of the headwaters for the south of New York, which is to be found in the Dawan Commentary Section of the Grand Historian ") . assertions that they are not exact, but continued to the Sui and Tang Dynasties assertions that they are not exact, but continued to the Sui and Tang Dynasties .
Before The Qing Dynasty To The Sui And Tang Dynasties
after the Sui people gradually on the cor - ridor, establish correct appreciation of after the Sui people gradually on the cor - ridor, establish correct appreciation of . Emperor Daye (609) killing five years post - yu - houen Heyuan county, Guoluo, Qinghai and Chacha, which today is part of the region, indicating that known people originated here Emperor Daye (609) killing five years post - yu - houen Heyuan county, Guoluo, Qinghai and Chacha, which today is part of the region, indicating that known people originated here .
Yellow Emperor TangTaizong dated to pacify the Tuyuhun rebellion, generals, peace, Li Daozong had led the troops to reach the Xingxiu Sea area, carrying their "sub - constellations in Sichuan, Da Bai offshore, Jishishan, browse, view Heyuan Yellow Emperor TangTaizong dated to pacify the Tuyuhun rebellion, generals, peace, Li Daozong had led the troops to reach the Xingxiu Sea area, carrying their "sub - constellations in Sichuan, Da Bai offshore, Jishishan, browse, view Heyuan ." " .
since Tang and Song DynastyA long term Xingxiu Sea are well - known as the headwaters of the Yellow River since Tang and Song DynastyA long term Xingxiu Sea are well - known as the headwaters of the Yellow River . dynasty to the Yuan dynasty the people started to go on field trips to dynasty to the Yuan dynasty the people started to go on field trips to .
of the Yuan Dynasty in the year 1280 Kublai Khan) and appoint them as real people such as reconnaissance, cor - ridor, matrix, and stars to the area in great detail, according to Pan Aangxiao of the Yuan Dynasty in the year 1280 Kublai Khan) and appoint them as real people such as reconnaissance, cor - ridor, matrix, and stars to the area in great detail, according to Pan Aangxiao . 1315 are real investigation "Heyuan Zhi", which alludes clearly to the Yellow River originate in the Xingxiu Sea hundreds of kilometers at the southwest, with there being "water gushes from the ground as well, which wells are more than a hundred of" 1315 are real investigation "Heyuan Zhi", which alludes clearly to the Yellow River originate in the Xingxiu Sea hundreds of kilometers at the southwest, with there being "water gushes from the ground as well, which wells are more than a hundred of" .
Hongwu 15 years (1382), Zong Gui Feng CorrespondenceGoddess and monks in Tibet toward, past the headwaters area, said land and to investigate, and compose a poem "Wang Heyuan",In the preface he pointed out that in Heyuan from the Bayan Har Mountains of north - east, and is the source of the Yellow River and Changjiang River upper watershed, the headwaters of the understanding in this race to make a breakthrough in the Hongwu 15 years (1382), Zong Gui Feng CorrespondenceGoddess and monks in Tibet toward, past the headwaters area, said land and to investigate, and compose a poem "Wang Heyuan",In the preface he pointed out that in Heyuan from the Bayan Har Mountains of north - east, and is the source of the Yellow River and Changjiang River upper watershed, the headwaters of the understanding in this race to make a breakthrough in the .
Since The Qing Dynasty
Central Plains Dynasty and became much more osculation, when people have come to understand in Huang River region have "Gulbenkian Solo - mo" (meaning three branch river), but details are not clear Central Plains Dynasty and became much more osculation, when people have come to understand in Huang River region have "Gulbenkian Solo - mo" (meaning three branch river), but details are not clear . Kangxi 43 (1704), Kangxi ordered the La tin, Shulan, probing, cor - ridor, Kangxi 43 (1704), Kangxi ordered the La tin, Shulan, probing, cor - ridor, .
they reach sea stars, sea stars have found the source of the Rivers, but not to the headwaters of the they reach sea stars, sea stars have found the source of the Rivers, but not to the headwaters of the . La tin, Shulan, went back to Beijing after painted "Riverhead", Shulan has also written "Riverhead" La tin, Shulan, went back to Beijing after painted "Riverhead", Shulan has also written "Riverhead" .
Late Kangxi organized a national topographic survey, fifty - six year of Kangxi (1717) and sent the monks Chu Er Qin Zangbo,Lan Mu, occupying and Lifan Yuan principal Sheng lived et al to heyuan shall measure the visit as" more than Heyuan, Wanli ", returned to Beijing after the measurement results entered for Huang Yu Quan Lan Tu Late Kangxi organized a national topographic survey, fifty - six year of Kangxi (1717) and sent the monks Chu Er Qin Zangbo,Lan Mu, occupying and Lifan Yuan principal Sheng lived et al to heyuan shall measure the visit as" more than Heyuan, Wanli ", returned to Beijing after the measurement results entered for Huang Yu Quan Lan Tu . house to Xingxiu Sea are well above the riverhead also exploration and draw house to Xingxiu Sea are well above the riverhead also exploration and draw .
midterm, Qi Zhaonan using Huang Yu Quan Lan Tu and other data authoring" watercourse ", in which the three inlets in the middle of the Huang River, a river (today about Qu) positioning Zhengyuan midterm, Qi Zhaonan using Huang Yu Quan Lan Tu and other data authoring" watercourse ", in which the three inlets in the middle of the Huang River, a river (today about Qu) positioning Zhengyuan . The Wensu (1782), due to the lower reaches of the Yellow River Inundation of wide territory consequent of dyke - breach, clog easily, and the decline of the Bodyguard Kanami amounted to" offering Heyuan Gong " The Wensu (1782), due to the lower reaches of the Yellow River Inundation of wide territory consequent of dyke - breach, clog easily, and the decline of the Bodyguard Kanami amounted to" offering Heyuan Gong ".
Amy reached up to 300 miles west of sea stars, sea stars to the source of three rivers - the - spot investigation, which concluded that the Xingxiu Sea southwest of Abu Hellerstein Nalingguole (i. e. today) for the yellow River 
After The Establishment Of The Republic Of China
19 century to the beginning of the 20th century, Western explorers and geographers in - depth investigations in the Qinghai - Tibetan Plateau, they also reach the headwaters area to gather natural materials, such as Indians, Gurkha, Frenchman Dou ', Ao, Russians Prjevalski, Shina, Kozlov, Germans Fei Shi Le, Tai Pei Er etc.
After The Founding Of The People's Republic Of China
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the headwaters of the Yellow River were drilled respectively at After the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the headwaters of the Yellow River were drilled respectively at . in 1952, by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) organization, in item V., and Dong in China under the lead of the months of prospecting exploration team
Heyuan cognizance about Qu Yellow Zhengyuan, Yahe Lada Zeshan is close to its source, at Eling, Zaling Heyuan cognizance about Qu Yellow Zhengyuan, Yahe Lada Zeshan is close to its source, at Eling, Zaling . this results, the results of the inspection is not consistent in the academic circles has long been a subject of controversy, but originated in the Yellow River about Qu vague this results, the results of the inspection is not consistent in the academic circles has long been a subject of controversy, but originated in the Yellow River about Qu vague .
1978, Qinghai Province at the invitation of the central and local scientific research professionals, again on the headwaters of the Yellow River and Ling, Hubei, Hunan and Hubei Mausoleum was carried out on - the - ground inspections,Zhengyuan is confirmation of the Yellow River, Zhaling in upper, lower 1978, Qinghai Province at the invitation of the central and local scientific research professionals, again on the headwaters of the Yellow River and Ling, Hubei, Hunan and Hubei Mausoleum was carried out on - the - ground inspections,Zhengyuan is confirmation of the Yellow River, Zhaling in upper, lower . Eling in 1981 and 1982, the scholar Yang - Kang on - foot exploratory of the Yellow River Yellow River all the way he thinks Eling in 1981 and 1982, the scholar Yang - Kang on - foot exploratory of the Yellow River Yellow River all the way he thinks .
farthest headstream is the ridge of the Bayan Har Mountains began pulling Lang Qing Qu, Qu it longer than about 30 km longer than 11. 9 km in 1985, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) according to the historical traditions and opinions, confirmation of the Yellow river in Qinghai and Maqu in Zhengyuan, and about the basin in the southwest corner of Maqu Qu fruit has set on the Yellow River source flag 9 km in 1985, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) according to the historical traditions and opinions, confirmation of the Yellow river in Qinghai and Maqu in Zhengyuan, and about the basin in the southwest corner of Maqu Qu fruit has set on the Yellow River source flag .
Geographic Feature
Yellow River traversing China, most of the area located in northwest of China Yellow River traversing China, most of the area located in northwest of China . 95 degrees east longitude: 53 - 119: 05 degrees north latitude of 32 degrees, 10 minutes to 50 hours between 41 degrees, a 1,900 - kilometer east - west, from north to south for a length of 1100km and drainage area of 79 km2 95 degrees east longitude: 53 - 119: 05 degrees north latitude of 32 degrees, 10 minutes to 50 hours between 41 degrees, a 1,900 - kilometer east - west, from north to south for a length of 1100km and drainage area of 79 km2 .
Watershed Topography
Watershed in 1985 with a population of 88 million people, arable land 1. 86 million hectares in grain harvest 26m tonnes of Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China is the important base of animal husbandry, the alluvial plain in the middle as agricultural watershed hydroelectric power stations can be installed capacity of about 2800 kilowatts, mainly distributed in the peach blossom valley section before coming to the mineral resource is rich, rare earths, bauxite, coal, the petroleum reserves in China are of a large proportion of the drainage area have Lanzhou, Xi 'an, Zhengzhou, Jinan and other major cities, with Lanzhou - Lianyungang, Lanzhou, Beijing - Baotou railway and other important traffic arteries (AGR) watershed hydroelectric power stations can be installed capacity of about 2800 kilowatts, mainly distributed in the peach blossom valley section before coming to the mineral resource is rich, rare earths, bauxite, coal, the petroleum reserves in China are of a large proportion of the drainage area have Lanzhou, Xi 'an, Zhengzhou, Jinan and other major cities, with Lanzhou - Lianyungang, Lanzhou, Beijing - Baotou railway and other important traffic arteries (AGR) .
Hydrologic Feature
Yellow River to the east by the ocean, land, climate, rainfall, evaporation, and heat resources such as obvious differences in frost - free period of Yellow River to the east by the ocean, land, climate, rainfall, evaporation, and heat resources such as obvious differences in frost - free period of . watershed climate generally can be classified as arid, semi - arid and semi - humid climate, the drought in the western, eastern humid watershed climate generally can be classified as arid, semi - arid and semi - humid climate, the drought in the western, eastern humid .
full - year average annual precipitation is 466 mm, Average annual evaporation capacity of 700 1800 mm full - year average annual precipitation is 466 mm, Average annual evaporation capacity of 700 1800 mm . watershed upstream of 1961 to 1 c 8 c, 8 c 14 c, 14 c C 12 downstream of the downstream watershed upstream of 1961 to 1 c 8 c, 8 c 14 c, 14 c C 12 downstream of the downstream .
200 frost - free period of 220 days, 150 days, 180 days, more than 50 upstream Xunhua is 100 days 200 frost - free period of 220 days, 150 days, 180 days, more than 50 upstream Xunhua is 100 days . watershed hydrologic feature, the upstream rainfall, long time,is weak in strength, forming large amounts of runoff in flood peak; midstream precipitation short, Strength, formed of the small amount of runoff in flood peak height, and precipitous fluctuation, is a storm, watershed hydrologic feature, the upstream rainfall, long time,is weak in strength, forming large amounts of runoff in flood peak; midstream precipitation short, Strength, formed of the small amount of runoff in flood peak height, and precipitous fluctuation, is a storm, .
of the Yellow River valley loess plateau serious soil erosion, covering an area of 45 km2, and the annual average erosion modulus is greater than 5000 tons / cubic meter of the area is about 15. 6lEm2 large amounts sediment into the Yellow River, the height of the downstream riverbed, flood along lower reaches of the Yellow River is severe and difficult - to - governance is the crux of the large amounts sediment into the Yellow River, the height of the downstream riverbed, flood along lower reaches of the Yellow River is severe and difficult - to - governance is the crux of the .
Meteorological Temperature
annual average temperature at - 4 ~ + 14 C, annual precipitation average of 478 mm, 6 ~ 10 months accounts for 65% ~ 85%, the biggest storm occurred at 7 ~ 8 months annual average temperature at - 4 ~ + 14 C, annual precipitation average of 478 mm, 6 ~ 10 months accounts for 65% ~ 85%, the biggest storm occurred at 7 ~ 8 months . Henan huayuankou station of the multi - year average (1919 - 1974), the measured annual runoff is 47 billion cubic meters, including, for example, upstream of, the reference amount then the annual runoff is Henan huayuankou station of the multi - year average (1919 - 1974), the measured annual runoff is 47 billion cubic meters, including, for example, upstream of, the reference amount then the annual runoff is .
560 billion cubic meters of the Yellow River are the greatest threat to the safety of the flood occurred in summer and autumn, known as the Autumn fangda xun, followed by winter ice flood of Yellow River and the historical mean annual sediment 560 billion cubic meters of the Yellow River are the greatest threat to the safety of the flood occurred in summer and autumn, known as the Autumn fangda xun, followed by winter ice flood of Yellow River and the historical mean annual sediment . about 16 tons,world crown riverdance about 16 tons,world crown riverdance .
cubic meter of river sediment concentration in the vicinity of the gantry is 30 kg or more, in some tributaries of 300 ~ 500 kg cubic meter of river sediment concentration in the vicinity of the gantry is 30 kg or more, in some tributaries of 300 ~ 500 kg . sediment is from the west of the Taihang Mountains, east of the mountain in the Loess Plateau, an area of about 58 square kilometers, among which 43 square kilometers of the Yellow River Sediment sediment is from the west of the Taihang Mountains, east of the mountain in the Loess Plateau, an area of about 58 square kilometers, among which 43 square kilometers of the Yellow River Sediment .
have the characteristics of heterologous have the characteristics of heterologous . Tuoketuo above water by taking 1 / 2 or more, while the sediment compared with 9 percent of Sanmenxia to water and about 10 percent of the season by less than 2%; Togtoh - Longmen to water accounts for 15 per cent, while the sediment accounted for 55% or more; from Longmen to Sanmenxia accounted for 21% of water,whereas the sediment accounted for 34% Tuoketuo above water by taking 1 / 2 or more, while the sediment compared with 9 percent of Sanmenxia to water and about 10 percent of the season by less than 2%; Togtoh - Longmen to water accounts for 15 per cent, while the sediment accounted for 55% or more; from Longmen to Sanmenxia accounted for 21% of water,whereas the sediment accounted for 34% .
sediment particle size of greater than 0.05 mm and coarse sand in about 1 / 4, has a 80% coarse from Togtoh - Longmen region, many tributaries in Northern Shaanxi, the sediment of Huangfuchuan most rough
Humanistic Feature
Economic Overview
According to 1990 statistics, the population of the Yellow River Basin 9781 million, of China's total population of 8. 6% arable land 1. 79 mu, accounting for 12. 5%
very early in the Yellow River is China's agricultural economy development area very early in the Yellow River is China's agricultural economy development area . upstream of Yellow River in Ningxia and Hetao Plain, the midstream and downstream in the Fenwei Basin Irrigation Districts of Yellow River is the major agricultural production base in upstream of Yellow River in Ningxia and Hetao Plain, the midstream and downstream in the Fenwei Basin Irrigation Districts of Yellow River is the major agricultural production base in .
currently in the middle and upper reaches of Yellow River is still relatively poor, accelerate the economic development in areas, and poverty, improve ecological environment and realize the economy shifted from the east to the Midwest transfer of strategic deployment stocks (SDS) currently in the middle and upper reaches of Yellow River is still relatively poor, accelerate the economic development in areas, and poverty, improve ecological environment and realize the economy shifted from the east to the Midwest transfer of strategic deployment stocks (SDS) . has a great bearing on the history of the Yellow River Basin on the industry foundation is weak,Since the founding of the People's Republic of China has greatly developed, and have brought up the energy industry, foundation industry base and emerging cities to further the development of basin economic foundation has a great bearing on the history of the Yellow River Basin on the industry foundation is weak,Since the founding of the People's Republic of China has greatly developed, and have brought up the energy industry, foundation industry base and emerging cities to further the development of basin economic foundation .
energy industry including coal, electricity, petroleum and natural gas, coal production in China, a majority of the yield, production, accounting for approximately 1 / 4, the area has become the largest industrial sector energy industry including coal, electricity, petroleum and natural gas, coal production in China, a majority of the yield, production, accounting for approximately 1 / 4, the area has become the largest industrial sector . lead, zinc, aluminum, copper, platinum, tungsten, gold and nonferrous metal, rare earth and industrial advantage over lead, zinc, aluminum, copper, platinum, tungsten, gold and nonferrous metal, rare earth and industrial advantage over .
the country's eight huge smelter in Yellow River Basin and occupies one the country's eight huge smelter in Yellow River Basin and occupies one .
A Flood Control Protected Area Profile
According to 1990 statistics, the 12 'square kilometers of the Yellow River flood control protected area, had a total population of 7802 people, the population of 6. 8% 10699 mu of arable land, accounting for 7.5%
Yellow River flood control protected areas is the important base of grain and cotton, grain and cotton yield of national total of 7. 7% and 34. 2%, agricultural output account for 8% in the region of the petroleum, chemical, coal and other industrial bases in China plays a great role in economic development of our country.
Natural Resources
Yellow River land, water, coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals and other resources, the country occupies the important position and great potential for Yellow River land, water, coal, petroleum, natural gas, minerals and other resources, the country occupies the important position and great potential for . arable land in the watershed of the status 1. 79 hectares of cropland, woodland 1. 53 hectares of cropland, grassland, and 4. 19 mu (
plowable about 3000 mu of wasteland plowable about 3000 mu of wasteland . upstream of the Yellow River basin area, water resources, coal resources in the midstream, and downstream oil and gas resources are very rich, the most important position in the China, and is known as the "Energy watershed" upstream of the Yellow River basin area, water resources, coal resources in the midstream, and downstream oil and gas resources are very rich, the most important position in the China, and is known as the "Energy watershed" .
for example, from the estuary of the Shengli Oilfield, China's second - largest oilfield for example, from the estuary of the Shengli Oilfield, China's second - largest oilfield . Yellow River boasts of rich mineral resources,In 1990 mineral resources verified with 114 species, nationally known reserves of 45 kinds of major minerals in the Yellow River, and there are 37 species which have a national advantage ( Yellow River boasts of rich mineral resources,In 1990 mineral resources verified with 114 species, nationally known reserves of 45 kinds of major minerals in the Yellow River, and there are 37 species which have a national advantage (.
reserves Chinese) 32% or more of the rare - earth, gypsum, silicious raw material glass, sharp, coal, bauxite, aluminum, refractory clay reserves Chinese) 32% or more of the rare - earth, gypsum, silicious raw material glass, sharp, coal, bauxite, aluminum, refractory clay . 8 species in the Yellow River boasts of rich mineral resources with a concentrative distribution, provides favourable conditions for comprehensive development and utilization of 8 species in the Yellow River boasts of rich mineral resources with a concentrative distribution, provides favourable conditions for comprehensive development and utilization of .
Fishery Development
Yellow River has a total of 121 fish species (subspecies), which are obligate freshwater fish in the class, there are 98 species, accounting for 78.4 percent of main economic fishes are over Gymnocyoris eckloni, Platypharodon extremus, Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus, Yellow fish, raising Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski), north of Coreius heterodon (pigeons) fish, carp, crucian carp from the Yellow River upstream main economic fishes are over Gymnocyoris eckloni, Platypharodon extremus, Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus, Yellow fish, raising Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski), north of Coreius heterodon (pigeons) fish, carp, crucian carp from the Yellow River upstream .
only 16 species of fish, the composition is relatively simple, only cyprinid loach and two families of Schizothorax, sentence, chub, etc only 16 species of fish, the composition is relatively simple, only cyprinid loach and two families of Schizothorax, sentence, chub, etc . the Middle and Lower Reaches of the direction that is substantially similar to the fish, cyprinids are dominant the Middle and Lower Reaches of the direction that is substantially similar to the fish, cyprinids are dominant .
midstream and 71 species of fish, but the lack of a natural of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp, bream, Megalobrama skolkovii typical plain taxa of fish,midstream and upstream of the upper segment of the total of the schizothorax and NOEMACHEILINE LOACHES FROM or the like, downstream of the fish species and quantity are more, there are 78 species, of which there are more over - water of the estuary and brackish water fish midstream and 71 species of fish, but the lack of a natural of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp, bream, Megalobrama skolkovii typical plain taxa of fish,midstream and upstream of the upper segment of the total of the schizothorax and NOEMACHEILINE LOACHES FROM or the like, downstream of the fish species and quantity are more, there are 78 species, of which there are more over - water of the estuary and brackish water fish . on tributaries of the Yellow River of statistical survey data, according to Tao, the Weihe River, Jinghe River fish statistics, Wei - river waters were more species and 30 species, followed by 11 species of Taohe River, Jinghe River is only 4 on tributaries of the Yellow River of statistical survey data, according to Tao, the Weihe River, Jinghe River fish statistics, Wei - river waters were more species and 30 species, followed by 11 species of Taohe River, Jinghe River is only 4 .
tributaries in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the majority is a cyprinid loach and small fish, and there will be a minority taste and catfish families, economic fishes as carp, crucian carp, dace and Yellow River catfish tributaries in the Upper and Middle Reaches of the majority is a cyprinid loach and small fish, and there will be a minority taste and catfish families, economic fishes as carp, crucian carp, dace and Yellow River catfish . etc. mainly, and the species also vary and the trunk of the fish in,In the history, the carp was the highest, "the Yellow River carp" is famous in China, and the per capita production has declined dramatically in the mid - 1960s before
Shaan - Jin river carp will catch and account for 60 ~ 70%, of the composition of catches of the first, 81 ~ 82 years on the Shaanxi Yellow River Port section of by - catch of the investigation nearly a decade of change, in the catch of carp accounted for only 21 per cent to catfish replaced the principal position, accounting for 41. 1%, followed by that of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (26. 3% 1983 of Shanxi province to survey the catch in the Yellow River, where the carp is only 20%, and the catfish and a whopping 60%,become catch 1983 of Shanxi province to survey the catch in the Yellow River, where the carp is only 20%, and the catfish and a whopping 60%,become catch .
downstream in Shandong Province during the early 50 's carp in total oil production is 50 - 70%, during the 1960s and fell to 15 per cent to 81 ~ 82 years of the survey is also reduced, and only 7. 1% Yellow River flows mainly in eight provinces and autonomous regions on the fishery labor conditions were as follows: there has been no statistics in Qinghai province, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong and other provinces, the fishing effort and fishing for 80 years as a professional workforce 26964, 83 years to 11320, of China's total workforce of the similar ratio was 3. 0% and 2. 1%; and the fishing industry labor 24843 people 80 years,'83 to 25873, of China's total workforce of the same ratio of 8. 9% and 5. 7%
30 years, the Yellow River by - catches and fish in the carp's main economic resource of the number of significant decrease in the populations of the fish they catch composition brings about the changes in the early 1980s the investigation at Tongguan Reach Port in the catch of carp, the majority is 3 years old, average 0. 7 kg of an individual with 44.7 percent, followed by 4 - year - old, average weight of 1.5 kg of an individual are 28. 4% . The main fishing method: Yellow River fishery is to be used by the operation of the fishing gear and methods, as the upper and middle reaches of gill - net is much, also had to help a network,There are single - and three - layer gill - net, the net is to a good yield of
roll in addition to fishing, the fishhook and clips such as the type, in the intermediate zone is only four, roll in addition to fishing, the fishhook and clips such as the type, in the intermediate zone is only four, . the fishing grounds of the five characteristics: upstream: Schizothoracinae and NOEMACHEILINE LOACHES 8 species; middle: carp, crucian carp, catfish; downstream: Coilia ectenes, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp, catfish the fishing grounds of the five characteristics: upstream: Schizothoracinae and NOEMACHEILINE LOACHES 8 species; middle: carp, crucian carp, catfish; downstream: Coilia ectenes, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp, catfish .
Times Over The Centuries
Yellow River flood, Ling, history incessant book.Predestined relationship why? Harington, 602 BC to AD 2540 in mid - 1938, the downstream burst of 1500 times, changing the way 26 times Harington, 602 BC to AD 2540 in mid - 1938, the downstream burst of 1500 times, changing the way 26 times .
damage scope, including Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Anhui, Su of the six provinces, were invaded by the Huaihe River and Haihe River downstream of about 25 km2 damage scope, including Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Anhui, Su of the six provinces, were invaded by the Huaihe River and Haihe River downstream of about 25 km2 . drought threat seriously, 7 ~ 20 ~ (th) century, there occurred 95 years wide and long, heavy, double that of the disaster of the drought, where 17 century alone in 22 drought threat seriously, 7 ~ 20 ~ (th) century, there occurred 95 years wide and long, heavy, double that of the disaster of the drought, where 17 century alone in 22 .
Regional Water
Upstream
Review and those of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River is a river - length upstream of the upstream Review and those of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River is a river - length upstream of the upstream . 3472 km, basin area 38. 6 million sq km, the Yellow River basin in proportion and a total of 51. 3%
River Bridge has a total drop of 3496 m, with the average rate of 10 per thousand is a large tributary joins the river valley area of more than 1,000 square kilometers (article 43), by taking the runoff 54%; Reach annual sediment from the upstream by taking in only 8% of coming sediment, sediment - water less, which is one of the source water upstream the river by River Bridge has a total drop of 3496 m, with the average rate of 10 per thousand is a large tributary joins the river valley area of more than 1,000 square kilometers (article 43), by taking the runoff 54%; Reach annual sediment from the upstream by taking in only 8% of coming sediment, sediment - water less, which is one of the source water upstream the river by . Glaciations, Xiqingshan,Qinghai Nanshan (the Mountains of control in an S shape in the upper reaches of the Yellow River riverway bending Glaciations, Xiqingshan,Qinghai Nanshan (the Mountains of control in an S shape in the upper reaches of the Yellow River riverway bending .
according to characteristics of the different, can divide again for card of Heyuan section, and the gorge of the alluvial plain of the three - part according to characteristics of the different, can divide again for card of Heyuan section, and the gorge of the alluvial plain of the three - part .
Midstream
Review and Prospect of Inner Mongolia and Zhengzhou, Henan Province to Hekou Peach blossom valley of Yellow River is a river in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and river 1206 km long with a basin of 34. 4 million square kilometers, the total area of 45. 7%; the middle with a total drop of 890 meters, the average slope of 0. 74; Reach remitted within larger branches 30 of the section; and adding water in an amount of the Yellow river, 42. 5%, increase in sediment of the Yellow River sediment accounted for 92 percent of the Yellow River is the main source of sediment Hekou to Yumenkou on the Yellow River is the longest continuous gorge in the Jin - Shaan Gorge, the river flows through most of the tributaries in the loess hilly and gully region,serious soil and water loss is the main source of coarse sediment of the yellow river, the river for many years the average annual sediment in 9 of 16 tonnes tonnes from this interval; the gradient is large, the abundant water resources, Yellow River is the second - largest hydropower base; the lower valley has the famous Hukou Waterfall, the deep - groove width of only 30 - 50 m, the water drop of about 18 meters, the momentum magnificent Hekou to Yumenkou on the Yellow River is the longest continuous gorge in the Jin - Shaan Gorge, the river flows through most of the tributaries in the loess hilly and gully region,serious soil and water loss is the main source of coarse sediment of the yellow river, the river for many years the average annual sediment in 9 of 16 tonnes tonnes from this interval; the gradient is large, the abundant water resources, Yellow River is the second - largest hydropower base; the lower valley has the famous Hukou Waterfall, the deep - groove width of only 30 - 50 m, the water drop of about 18 meters, the momentum magnificent .
Sanmenxia to Peach blossom valley section of the river by the Xiaolangdi are divided into two portions: the Xiaolangdi above, river snaking through the Zhongtiao Mountains, the Mountain, which is a partial stream of the Yellow River on the final stretch of the canyon; Xiaolangdi, valley, which is the origin of the Yellow River Plain from the mountains into the transitional region from the Sanmenxia to Peach blossom valley section of the river by the Xiaolangdi are divided into two portions: the Xiaolangdi above, river snaking through the Zhongtiao Mountains, the Mountain, which is a partial stream of the Yellow River on the final stretch of the canyon; Xiaolangdi, valley, which is the origin of the Yellow River Plain from the mountains into the transitional region from the .
Downstream
Henan Zhengzhou Taohuayu Yellow River Reach of the Yellow River is of the following downstream, the river length of 786 km with a basin of only 2. 3 million square kilometres of the river accounts for 3%; a total drop of downstream reaches 93. 6 meters, the average slope of 0. 12 per thousand, increasing the interval of the Yellow river, the water in an amount of 3. 5% because of the large amount of sediment into the Yellow River, downstream from the river for a long time formed the world famous" aboveground river ", the Yellow River dyke to become constrained within the Haihe River Basin and the Huaihe river watershed of Dawen River, Dongping Lake because of the large amount of sediment into the Yellow River, downstream from the river for a long time formed the world famous" aboveground river ", the Yellow River dyke to become constrained within the Haihe River Basin and the Huaihe river watershed of Dawen River, Dongping Lake .
except by Inward - remittance, no large tributaries in this reach except by Inward - remittance, no large tributaries in this reach . downstream from dongping lake to jinan in addition to the south bank of the river between low hills lie along its whole against water - retaining dike,with a total length of more than 1400 downstream from dongping lake to jinan in addition to the south bank of the river between low hills lie along its whole against water - retaining dike,with a total length of more than 1400 .
history on the river frequently Inundation of wide territory consequent of dyke - breach on the Chinese nation to have been a frightful calamity to the history on the river frequently Inundation of wide territory consequent of dyke - breach on the Chinese nation to have been a frightful calamity to the . because of the lower reaches of the Yellow River flows from southwest to northeast, winter in the north of the river ahead and freeze, forming ice jam flood because of the lower reaches of the Yellow River flows from southwest to northeast, winter in the north of the river ahead and freeze, forming ice jam flood .
tend to cause clogging, resulting in the dyke, the threat to the very serious tend to cause clogging, resulting in the dyke, the threat to the very serious . at the Lower Reach of Yellow River estuary is the Lijin following at the Lower Reach of Yellow River estuary is the Lijin following .
Yellow River estuary due to siltation, the extending of the swing of the estuary of Yellow River Yellow River estuary due to siltation, the extending of the swing of the estuary of Yellow River . currently located in the Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, is the 1976 after the artificial watercourse diversion via Qingshuigou siltation of rivers to shape the new currently located in the Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, is the 1976 after the artificial watercourse diversion via Qingshuigou siltation of rivers to shape the new .
recent 40 years,Yellow River to the estuary of the sediment is on average about 10 tons / year, annual average net build 25 to 30 square kilometers land recent 40 years,Yellow River to the estuary of the sediment is on average about 10 tons / year, annual average net build 25 to 30 square kilometers land .
Tributaries And Lakes
Tributaries of the Yellow River is the main tributary of the White River, Heihe, Zuli River, Qingshuihe, DAHEI REVER River, the Kuye River, the Fen River, Weihe River, Luohe River, and River Dawen, wherein Weihe River is the largest tributary lakes Tributaries of the Yellow River is the main tributary of the White River, Heihe, Zuli River, Qingshuihe, DAHEI REVER River, the Kuye River, the Fen River, Weihe River, Luohe River, and River Dawen, wherein Weihe River is the largest tributary lakes .: Yellow River on the main lakes include Lake Zhaling and Eling Lake Ulansuhai, Dongping Lake : Yellow River on the main lakes include Lake Zhaling and Eling Lake Ulansuhai, Dongping Lake .
River Canyon
Tests on the Yellow River valley of the 30 that is located upstream of the river at 28, is located in the middle section of the flow 2 downstream through the North China Plain, no canyon river in the gorge of the cumulative distribution of Tests on the Yellow River valley of the 30 that is located upstream of the river at 28, is located in the middle section of the flow 2 downstream through the North China Plain, no canyon river in the gorge of the cumulative distribution of . 1707 km long,total length of 31. 2%
Mang Ga Gorge - Mai Tang Shixia multi Changshagongma Gorge officer Raja Gap Gap Gap was pulled dry isthmus of Longyangxia Gorge Ashe Gong Sumba Lijiaxia Gorge Gongboxia Jishixia Temple Sigouxia Liujiaxia Gorge manhua Zhu Lama Gorge from Yanguoxia, Bapanxia Chaijiaxia Study of Daxia (lower gorge) Wujinxia red Shannan Gorge Hongshan North Gorge in the Heishan gorge of the Qingtongxia gorge of Shanxi - Shaanxi Gorge of Shanxi and Henan Sanmenxia Gorge (including Joshua heap Simulating Study of Xiaolangdi) Mang Ga Gorge - Mai Tang Shixia multi Changshagongma Gorge officer Raja Gap Gap Gap was pulled dry isthmus of Longyangxia Gorge Ashe Gong Sumba Lijiaxia Gorge Gongboxia Jishixia Temple Sigouxia Liujiaxia Gorge manhua Zhu Lama Gorge from Yanguoxia, Bapanxia Chaijiaxia Study of Daxia (lower gorge) Wujinxia red Shannan Gorge Hongshan North Gorge in the Heishan gorge of the Qingtongxia gorge of Shanxi - Shaanxi Gorge of Shanxi and Henan Sanmenxia Gorge (including Joshua heap Simulating Study of Xiaolangdi) .
Water Conservancy Construction
Sanmenxia Hydroproject: Shanxi Pinglu, Sanmenxia City, Henan on the border of the 1960 use of Sanshenggong Key Water Control: Inner Mongolia Dengkou I, entered service in 1966 Qingtongxia Water Control Project in Ningxia Qingtongxia, Liujiaxia Hydropower Station was opened in 1968: Yongjing County, Gansu Province, and entered service in 1974 from Yanguoxia Hydroproject: Yongjing County, Gansu Province, in 1975, who put the Tianqiao Hydro: Baode, Shanxi, and Shaanxi Fugu the junction, opened in October 1977 Bapanxia Hydro Project in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, was opened in 1980 at that Longyangxia: Qinghai Gonghe,1992 was opened for the large water conservancy project of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and entered service in 1998 Li Water Project: Qinghai Hualong, 1999 was opened for the Wanjiazhai Hydroproject: Pianguan, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia is at the junction, opened in October 1999 in Xiaolangdi Project: Henan Jiyuan and the old junction of Mengjin, 2001 "was launched on March 26, 2013, media reports said China will continue through the construction of a large reservoir to governance in the world's worst governance of Sanmenxia Hydroproject: Shanxi Pinglu, Sanmenxia City, Henan on the border of the 1960 use of Sanshenggong Key Water Control: Inner Mongolia Dengkou I, entered service in 1966 Qingtongxia Water Control Project in Ningxia Qingtongxia, Liujiaxia Hydropower Station was opened in 1968: Yongjing County, Gansu Province, and entered service in 1974 from Yanguoxia Hydroproject: Yongjing County, Gansu Province, in 1975, who put the Tianqiao Hydro: Baode, Shanxi, and Shaanxi Fugu the junction, opened in October 1977 Bapanxia Hydro Project in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, was opened in 1980 at that Longyangxia: Qinghai Gonghe,1992 was opened for the large water conservancy project of Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and entered service in 1998 Li Water Project: Qinghai Hualong, 1999 was opened for the Wanjiazhai Hydroproject: Pianguan, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia is at the junction, opened in October 1999 in Xiaolangdi Project: Henan Jiyuan and the old junction of Mengjin, 2001 "was launched on March 26, 2013, media reports said China will continue through the construction of a large reservoir to governance in the world's worst governance of . river of the Yellow River on the Yellow River have been built in Longyangxia and Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia, Xiaolangdi seat 4 is mainly used for the regulation of the hydro - junction,This digital future will continue to expand gas river of the Yellow River on the Yellow River have been built in Longyangxia and Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia, Xiaolangdi seat 4 is mainly used for the regulation of the hydro - junction,This digital future will continue to expand gas .
according to plan, will also be built on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Heishanxia, Qikou and Guxian Reservoir 3 large adjustment to improve regulation system according to plan, will also be built on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Heishanxia, Qikou and Guxian Reservoir 3 large adjustment to improve regulation system . wherein, at the end of the Jin - Shaan Gorge of Guxian Reservoir will be sought during the "twelfth five - year construction project, around 2020; Qikou reservior planning arrangements in Guxian Water Project after the development and construction; and Heishanxia reservoirs of the construction programme is still in the stage of scientific wherein, at the end of the Jin - Shaan Gorge of Guxian Reservoir will be sought during the "twelfth five - year construction project, around 2020; Qikou reservior planning arrangements in Guxian Water Project after the development and construction; and Heishanxia reservoirs of the construction programme is still in the stage of scientific .
in addition to the three backbone of hydro - junction, has started construction of Haibowan Reservoir to the Yellow River, and Qinhe Hekou Village Reservoir,and in the planning of Dongzhuang Reservoir, Jinghe Rive - sediment regulation is also part of the structure of the future China will be built for the mainstream of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia and Heishanxia, Qikou and Guxian, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi Hydropower Project is the backbone of the main body, the Haibowan, Wanjiazhai Reservoir is added, and the tributaries of the Luhun and Guxian, Hekou Village, Dongzhuang Reservoir and controlling collectively constitute the flow - sediment regulation engineering system, by monitoring, forecasting and dispatching decision support system which is composed of a set of non - regulation system in addition to the three backbone of hydro - junction, has started construction of Haibowan Reservoir to the Yellow River, and Qinhe Hekou Village Reservoir,and in the planning of Dongzhuang Reservoir, Jinghe Rive - sediment regulation is also part of the structure of the future China will be built for the mainstream of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia and Heishanxia, Qikou and Guxian, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi Hydropower Project is the backbone of the main body, the Haibowan, Wanjiazhai Reservoir is added, and the tributaries of the Luhun and Guxian, Hekou Village, Dongzhuang Reservoir and controlling collectively constitute the flow - sediment regulation engineering system, by monitoring, forecasting and dispatching decision support system which is composed of a set of non - regulation system .
Environmental Problems
Soil Erosion
Yellow River Basin in the 3000 - 2000 BC, during the reign of the Yellow River basin to the period of Yangshao Culture in Anyang of geography which may be suitable for the growth of vegetation and human activity, is quantified as about 2. degree. C. of climate environment for crops and vegetation development and create a good condition in this period, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin have Ze Xia Lei, Dayeze Lake, the lake existed in this period, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin have Ze Xia Lei, Dayeze Lake, the lake existed .
"Mencius, on the" book of the Yellow River "Vegetation Changmao, breeding birds and beasts", Guanzhong Plain until the Warring States Period (475 - 221 BC), China still has a" beautiful mountains and valleys, the genius of the multi - force "(" historical period of Yellow River forest ", Shi Nianhai,1981) "Mencius, on the" book of the Yellow River "Vegetation Changmao, breeding birds and beasts", Guanzhong Plain until the Warring States Period (475 - 221 BC), China still has a" beautiful mountains and valleys, the genius of the multi - force "(" historical period of Yellow River forest ", Shi Nianhai,1981) . of the Warring States Period and the subsequent widespread use of iron in the center to the Guanzhong of Qin and economic migration, the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau of the vegetation start of the Warring States Period and the subsequent widespread use of iron in the center to the Guanzhong of Qin and economic migration, the Yellow River and the Loess Plateau of the vegetation start .
due to destruction of the Yellow River Basin, in a very long time until Chinese civilization at the center of the ground ("Chinese Historical Geography", Lan Yong, 2002), in ancient China raising; the phenomenon of the Yellow River, and vegetation destruction becomes long, a large number of phenomena as due to destruction of the Yellow River Basin, in a very long time until Chinese civilization at the center of the ground ("Chinese Historical Geography", Lan Yong, 2002), in ancient China raising; the phenomenon of the Yellow River, and vegetation destruction becomes long, a large number of phenomena as . 15th 1930s - style global climate turns cold - start, with China's economic center of the area south of the Yellow River ecological damage begins to decrease,However forest cover has been moved by the 3rd century BC the status 15th 1930s - style global climate turns cold - start, with China's economic center of the area south of the Yellow River ecological damage begins to decrease,However forest cover has been moved by the 3rd century BC the status .
and with the destruction of vegetation on the Loess Plateau started by Yellow River due to erosion swept away large quantities of soil, formation of the surface morphology or and with the destruction of vegetation on the Loess Plateau started by Yellow River due to erosion swept away large quantities of soil, formation of the surface morphology or . landform landform.
Shutoff
Since 1972 the shut - off valve of the Yellow River is often the case: 1972 - 1979), 6 times, the average cut to 7 days with average of dried - up 130 km long and between 1980 and 1989, the stop 7 on average, and the cutouts 7. 4 days, the average dried - up 150 km long; 1990, 8 times, the average stop 53 days, with an average of 500 km long dried - up; in 1996, and reached 136 days dried - 579 km long; in 1997, and reached 226 days, 700 km long dried - There are many reasons,The main content is following: 1.
global warming in recent years, along with global warming intensifying, on the one hand, there has been a marked increase in the amount of evaporation of the river, on the other hand, upstream of the melting glaciers in spring and summer to absorb a large amount of heat, causing local inland temperatures were lower than usual, which contributes to the reduction of the temperature difference between the inland and offshore, caused as a result of the trade winds, monsoons from the ocean into the inland water vapor global warming in recent years, along with global warming intensifying, on the one hand, there has been a marked increase in the amount of evaporation of the river, on the other hand, upstream of the melting glaciers in spring and summer to absorb a large amount of heat, causing local inland temperatures were lower than usual, which contributes to the reduction of the temperature difference between the inland and offshore, caused as a result of the trade winds, monsoons from the ocean into the inland water vapor . although global warming melts glaciers increased the water upstream of the flow,but could not compensate for the evaporation of trade winds is improved and the influence of the although global warming melts glaciers increased the water upstream of the flow,but could not compensate for the evaporation of trade winds is improved and the influence of the .
- resulting in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the quantity of reducing - resulting in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the quantity of reducing . 2.
damage to vegetation in Loess Plateau in the implant, and the lack of vegetation and conserving the progressive desertification of the land, the amount of evaporation becomes higher, which dried groundwater needs to be continuously absorbed through the river to supplement damage to vegetation in Loess Plateau in the implant, and the lack of vegetation and conserving the progressive desertification of the land, the amount of evaporation becomes higher, which dried groundwater needs to be continuously absorbed through the river to supplement . 3.
irrigation way behind in the upper reaches of the Yellow River flows through much of the economy is less developed and poor areas, the lack of water saving irrigation technology and funding for flood irrigation, the water of Huanghe, the serious waste of irrigation way behind in the upper reaches of the Yellow River flows through much of the economy is less developed and poor areas, the lack of water saving irrigation technology and funding for flood irrigation, the water of Huanghe, the serious waste of .
Perched Stream
Due to siltation of the Yellow River (Huanghe), stretching over 5,464 kilometers of most parts of the river, the riverbed above the watershed of the city, farmlands, full restraint against the levees, otherwise it will give the watershed of the local people, it is thus referred to as a "hanging river" Due to siltation of the Yellow River (Huanghe), stretching over 5,464 kilometers of most parts of the river, the riverbed above the watershed of the city, farmlands, full restraint against the levees, otherwise it will give the watershed of the local people, it is thus referred to as a "hanging river" . Mongolia's Bayannur southwest of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia, where the Yellow River in the county seat is higher than the average 4 to 6 meters Mongolia's Bayannur southwest of Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia, where the Yellow River in the county seat is higher than the average 4 to 6 meters .
Yellow River runs in between the Qinling and the Zhongtiao Mountains, through the section from tieshu, mengjin, henan Yellow River runs in between the Qinling and the Zhongtiao Mountains, through the section from tieshu, mengjin, henan .
Tourism
According to 2002 's" Yellow River scenic area master plan "(Beijing Beilin Landscape Architecture Institute compiled woodland), Yellow River Scenic Spot Planning of the range is in the east, Huayuankou dam, against the West City, south of Ji Gong temple ruins and the River, north of the Yellow River and the center of the border, with a planned area of 108 square kilometers with According to 2002 's" Yellow River scenic area master plan "(Beijing Beilin Landscape Architecture Institute compiled woodland), Yellow River Scenic Spot Planning of the range is in the east, Huayuankou dam, against the West City, south of Ji Gong temple ruins and the River, north of the Yellow River and the center of the border, with a planned area of 108 square kilometers with . Northwest of Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Spot is located about 30 km, north of the Yellow River, the south Yue Weiwei's Northwest of Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Spot is located about 30 km, north of the Yellow River, the south Yue Weiwei's .
here mountain mountain trees, pavilions, and picturesque scenery and here mountain mountain trees, pavilions, and picturesque scenery and . It's no small gardens in Suzhou, Hangzhou West Lake's beautiful, but it has come to an end for the momentum of the majestic It's no small gardens in Suzhou, Hangzhou West Lake's beautiful, but it has come to an end for the momentum of the majestic .
aloft to the north,Baslc Sltuation and boundless and boundless, aloft to the north,Baslc Sltuation and boundless and boundless, . because of the mighty Yellow River here in the last one out of Xiakou and enters the plain, is formed on the lower reaches of the Yellow River here view not to have some fun because of the mighty Yellow River here in the last one out of Xiakou and enters the plain, is formed on the lower reaches of the Yellow River here view not to have some fun .
keenly, reminiscent of the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai, a famous line: "The Yellow River's waters move out of heaven. Entering the ocean, never to return" that create a sense of national pride and Yellow River Visiting Area is the 70s in the Yellow River in the mountains of the start of construction of a resort, after nearly 20 years of construction, builders in a 6000 - mu of barren hills planted on the air live in more than 200 tree species, more than 600,000 trees, made large - scale greening and landscaping,do the four seasons, three seasons have flowers, summer fruit is the 70s in the Yellow River in the mountains of the start of construction of a resort, after nearly 20 years of construction, builders in a 6000 - mu of barren hills planted on the air live in more than 200 tree species, more than 600,000 trees, made large - scale greening and landscaping,do the four seasons, three seasons have flowers, summer fruit .
in this on the basis of a series of other garden construction, so that here, a leafy, winding streets, pavilions, green turtle are interspersed among the in this on the basis of a series of other garden construction, so that here, a leafy, winding streets, pavilions, green turtle are interspersed among the . visitors here, on the picturesque garden, admire the Yellow River, and will feel your heart which had been particularly open visitors here, on the picturesque garden, admire the Yellow River, and will feel your heart which had been particularly open .
has been completed and open for peaks of Wulong, Yue Temple, camel Mountain scenic area nearly 40 attractions, with a great number of "Emperors"," nurse "," Dayu "," war - horse is braying "," Yellow River "child - like statue, the Yellow River Forest of Steles," Journey to the West "and other large ancient classic brick carving, floating, Jimu Pavilion, the pavilion of a cardigan, a fabulous pavilion,Yi Pavilion, the Peony Pavilion, Ha Thanh Xuan, Lu Xuan like pavilions, and cableway, slipway, Huanshan, Yellow hovercraft and other modern recreational facilities have been open to public by has been completed and open for peaks of Wulong, Yue Temple, camel Mountain scenic area nearly 40 attractions, with a great number of "Emperors"," nurse "," Dayu "," war - horse is braying "," Yellow River "child - like statue, the Yellow River Forest of Steles," Journey to the West "and other large ancient classic brick carving, floating, Jimu Pavilion, the pavilion of a cardigan, a fabulous pavilion,Yi Pavilion, the Peony Pavilion, Ha Thanh Xuan, Lu Xuan like pavilions, and cableway, slipway, Huanshan, Yellow hovercraft and other modern recreational facilities have been open to public by . Wulong Peak, Yue Temple, Camel Ridge, City has four main scenic spots are Wulong Peak, Yue Temple, Camel Ridge, City has four main scenic spots are .
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Culture
Continuous Sentence
See how the Yellow River's water from the sky and gallops to the sea without return See how the Yellow River's water from the sky and gallops to the sea without return . li bai, Invitation to the Yellow River, But ice chokes the ferry; I would climb the Tai - hang Mountains with snow li bai, Invitation to the Yellow River, But ice chokes the ferry; I would climb the Tai - hang Mountains with snow .
li bai "Xinglunan" of the Yellow River falls days walking in the East China Sea, Wanli write well - beloved li bai "Xinglunan" of the Yellow River falls days walking in the East China Sea, Wanli write well - beloved . Li Bai, "Pei XIV to the far reaches of the Yellow River on the clouds, the mountains proud Li Bai, "Pei XIV to the far reaches of the Yellow River on the clouds, the mountains proud .
Zhihuan" Liangzhou words, "The white sun falls over the mountains, The Yellow River seawards flows. Zhihuan" On the Stork Tower "wastes of sand one smoke plume rises sheer, Past the long river the round sun sinks low Zhihuan" On the Stork Tower "wastes of sand one smoke plume rises sheer, Past the long river the round sun sinks low .
in Wang Wei's" Ode to the endless sand spreads along the nine bends of the Yellow River. The willow is stirred by wind as if it came from heaven Liu Yuxi" Langtaosha "roar rolling dunes Teng, Liu Yuxi" Langtaosha "roar rolling dunes Teng,.
macro momentum all the way to the sea shore earth fissure through terror, with puff howling sky macro momentum all the way to the sea shore earth fissure through terror, with puff howling sky . left river "Yellow River rushes to the sea" left river "Yellow River rushes to the sea".
Associated Works
Music: "Yellow River Cantata", "Yellow River Concerto" movie: "Yellow Earth"Music: "Yellow River Cantata", "Yellow River Concerto" movie: "Yellow Earth".
Tourism Culture Resource
Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River - Huayuankou Museum - - Gang after monument in Liuwan cemetery Beishouling site - - at the flat - grain platform townsite - Miaodigou relic site - the old culture - the Jiahu Site Yangshao Site - - - - - Henan Longshan culture relics site in Sanmenxia footway temple ruins - - cemetery - the Jiangzhai Site - Banpo - Peiligang culture - Fenglingdu - cemetery - - the tombs of dawenkou cultureHukou Waterfall of the Yellow River - Huayuankou Museum - - Gang after monument in Liuwan cemetery Beishouling site - - at the flat - grain platform townsite - Miaodigou relic site - the old culture - the Jiahu Site Yangshao Site - - - - - Henan Longshan culture relics site in Sanmenxia footway temple ruins - - cemetery - the Jiangzhai Site - Banpo - Peiligang culture - Fenglingdu - cemetery - - the tombs of dawenkou culture.
People Associated With The Yellow River
1 ancient floods of Dayu: Xia Tian Guojun Nat: former Emperor Wudi period of Han Dynasty minister Jia let: Former Chinese water conservancy home Du Chong: Jia Lu left Kaifeng of Northern Song Dynasty: Yuan Dynasty of Works, and the water are the messengers of Pan Jixun: Harnessing the expert Jin Fu Ming dynasty: Qing Ji Huang Zhihe, a famous Qing Dynasty official and Liu Zhihe Osprey: End of the Qing Dynasty hydrologists, "Travels", author of the earliest systematic Chinese inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the build - up of modern scholars in China, Hydrological: 1 ancient floods of Dayu: Xia Tian Guojun Nat: former Emperor Wudi period of Han Dynasty minister Jia let: Former Chinese water conservancy home Du Chong: Jia Lu left Kaifeng of Northern Song Dynasty: Yuan Dynasty of Works, and the water are the messengers of Pan Jixun: Harnessing the expert Jin Fu Ming dynasty: Qing Ji Huang Zhihe, a famous Qing Dynasty official and Liu Zhihe Osprey: End of the Qing Dynasty hydrologists, "Travels", author of the earliest systematic Chinese inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the build - up of modern scholars in China, Hydrological: . Chinese geographer of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huang Wanli: China water expert Zhang Guangdou: Chinese expert Li Yizhi: Modern Chinese hydrologists Qian Ning: China Water Conservancy scientist Qian Zhengying:China water expert at Hanying,: a China water expert Liang Enzo: Chinese - American Yellow River Water Conservation Project promoters Wang Huayun's contribution: in Hebei - Shandong - Henan area director of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) (1946 - 1949), director of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China (1949 - 1982). 
