![計算機專業英語第2版[中國鐵道出版社出版圖書]](/img/a/a35/nBnauM3X2IDM3MjNxcjNzYTN1UTM1QDN5MjM5ADMwAjMwUzL3YzLxQzLt92YucmbvRWdo5Cd0FmLwE2LvoDc0RHa.jpg "計算機專業英語第2版[中國鐵道出版社出版圖書]")
內容簡介
本書的編寫以英文為主、中文為輔，是一本按計算機知識結構的層次組成的計算機技術教材，在延續第一版編寫風格的基礎上，對教材內容進行了更新，刪去了一些過時的和過於複雜的內容，增加了反映計算機技術發展水平的新內容。內容涵蓋計算機硬體基礎知識、網際網路與全球資訊網、計算機軟體技術及計算機網路等專業知識。本書的計算機專業知識豐富，英語原文深入淺出，用簡單的語言，表達了專業的計算機概念，文字流暢，易讀易懂。
本書針對高職高專的教學特點，精心組織，合理選材。
圖書目錄
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS 1
1.1 Computer Literacy 1
1.2 What Is a Computer and What Does It Do 2
1.3 The Components of a Computer 2
1.3.1 Input Devices 3
1.3.2 Output Devices 3
1.3.3 System Unit 3
1.3.4 Storage Devices 4
1.3.5 Communication Devices 5
1.4 Computer Software 5
1.4.1 System Software 6
1.4.2 Application Software 6
1.5 Networks and the Internet 7
1.6 Categories of Computers 8
1.6.1 Personal Computers 8
1.6.2 Minicomputers 9
1.6.3 Mainframe Computers 9
1.6.4 Super Computers 9
1.7 Examples of Computers Usage 10
1.7.1 Home Users 10
1.7.2 Small Business Users 10
1.7.3 Mobile Users 10
1.7.4 Large Business Users 10
1.7.5 Power Users 10
The Characteristics of Science and Technology English 16
Reading Materials 19
Computers in Everyday Life 19
SUMMARY 24
CHAPTER 2 THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB 25
2.1 How the Internet Works 25
2.1.1 Connecting to the Internet 25
2.1.2 Access Providers 26
2.1.3 How Data Travels the Internet 27
2.1.4 Internet Addresses 28
2.2 The World Wide Web (WWW) 29
2.2.1 Browsing the Web 29
2.2.2 Web Addresses 30
2.2.3 Navigating Web Pages 30
2.2.4 Searching For Information on the Web 31
2.3 Types of Web Sites 33
2.3.1 Portal 33
2.3.2 News 33
2.3.3 Informational 34
2.3.4 Business/Marketing 34
2.3.5 Educational 34
2.3.6 Entertainment 34
2.3.7 Advocacy 34
2.3.8 Blog 35
2.3.9 Content Aggregator 35
2.3.10 Personal 35
2.3.11 Wiki 35
2.3.12 Evaluating a Web Site 35
The Quality Criteria and Basic Method of Science and
Technology English Translation 42
Reading Materials 45
Other Internet Services 45
SUMMARY 50
CHAPTER 3 THE COMPONENTS IN THE SYSTEM UNIT 51
3.1 The System Unit 51
3.2 Central Processing Unit 52
3.2.1 The Control Unit 52
3.2.2 Arithmetic/Logic Unit 52
3.2.3 Registers 52
3.3 Microprocessor 52
3.3.1 Microprocessor Comparison 52
3.3.2 Parallel Processing 53
3.3.3 Coprocessor 53
3.4 Data Representation 53
3.4.1 ASCII 53
3.4.2 EBCDIC 53
3.4.3 Unicode 53
3.5 Different Types of Memory 54
3.5.1 RAM 54
3.5.2 ROM 55
3.5.3 Flash Memory 55
3.5.4 CMOS 55
3.5.5 Memory Access Times 56
3.6 Expansion Slots and Expansion Boards 56
3.7 How Is a Serial Port Different from a Parallel Port 56
3.7.1 Serial Port 56
3.7.2 Parallel Port 56
Word Building of Professional Computer English 62
Reading Materials 66
Emerging Technologies 66
SUMMARY 68
CHAPTER 4 INPUT 69
4.1 What Is Input 69
4.2 What Are Input Devices 70
4.3 The Keyboard 70
4.4 Pointing Devices 72
4.4.1 Mouse 72
4.4.2 Trackball 73
4.4.3 Touchpad 73
4.4.4 Stick 74
4.4.5 Joystick 74
4.4.6 Touch Screen 74
4.4.7 Pen Input 74
4.4.8 Light Pen 75
4.4.9 Graphics Tablet 75
4.5 Scanners and Reading Devices 75
4.5.1 Optical Scanner 75
4.5.2 Optical Readers 76
4.6 Digital Cameras 78
Several Relations and the phenomenon of word addition in Science and
Technology English Translation 83
Reading Materials 86
Audio and Video Input 86
SUMMARY 88
CHAPTER 5 OUTPUT 89
5.1 What Is Output 89
5.2 What Are Output Devices 90
5.3 Display Devices 90
5.3.1 CRT Monitors 90
5.3.2 Flat-Panel Displays 92
5.3.3 Monitor Quality 93
5.3.4 Video Cards 94
5.4 Printers 95
5.4.1 Impact Printer 95
5.4.2 Nonimpact Printer 96
The Translation Method of Passive Voice 107
Reading Materials 109
Audio Output, Terminals and Other Output Devices 109
SUMMARY 112
CHAPTER 6 STORAGE 113
6.1 Memory 113
6.2 Types of Storage 113
6.3 Floppy Disks 115
6.3.1 Characteristics of Magnetic Media 115
6.3.2 Characteristics of a Floppy Disk 116
6.4 USB Flash Drive 116
6.5 Hard Disk 117
6.5.1 Characteristics of a Hard Disk 117
6.5.2 How dose a Hard Disk Work 118
6.5.3 Maintaining Data Stored on a Hard Disk 119
The Translation Method of Noun Clause 125
Reading Materials 126
Compact Discs, Tapes, PC Cards and Other Types of Storage 126
SUMMARY 131
CHAPTER 7 COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS 132
7.1 Communications 132
7.2 How Is Communications Used 132
7.3 Communications Channel 133
7.4 Physical Transmission Media 133
7.4.1 Twisted-Pair Cable 133
7.4.2 Coaxial Cable 134
7.4.3 Fiber-Optic Cable 134
7.5 Wireless Transmission Media 134
7.5.1 Broadcast Radio 135
7.5.2 Microwaves 136
7.5.3 Communications Satellite 136
7.5.4 Infrared 137
7.6 Transmission Characteristics 137
7.6.1 Signal Type: Analog or Digital 137
7.6.2 Broadband vs. Baseband 137
7.6.3 Transmission Modes: Asynchronous and Synchronous 138
7.6.4 Transmission Direction: Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex 138
7.6.5 Transfer Rates 139
7.7 The Telephone Network 139
7.7.1 Dial-up Lines 140
7.7.2 Dedicated Line 140
7.8 Communications Software 142
7.9 Networks 143
7.9.1 Local Area Network 143
7.9.2 Wide Area Network 143
7.9.3 Network Topologies 143
7.9.4 Protocol 144
7.9.5 Intranets 144
7.9.6 Extranets 144
The Translation Method of Adjective Clause 150
Reading Materials 153
Communications Devices 153
SUMMARY 157
CHAPTER 8 OPERATING SYSTEM 158
8.1 System Software and Operating System 158
8.2 User Interfaces 159
8.3 Features of Operating Systems 160
8.4 Functions of an Operating System 161
8.4.1 Memory Management 161
8.4.2 Spooling Print Jobs 161
8.4.3 Configuring Devices 162
8.4.4 Monitoring System Performance 163
8.4.5 Administering Security 163
8.4.6 Managing Storage Medium and Files 163
8.4.7 Establishing an Internet Connection 164
8.5 Examples of popular Operating Systems 164
8.5.1 Windows XP 164
8.5.2 Windows Vista 165
The Translation Method of Adverbial Clause 171
Reading Materials 174
Network Operating Systems 174
SUMMARY 176
CHAPTER 9 DATABASE 177
9.1 Data and Information 177
9.1.1 Data Integrity 177
9.1.2 Data Security 178
9.2 File Processing Versus Databases 178
9.2.1 File Processing Systems 178
9.2.2 The Database Approach 179
9.3 Database Management System 181
9.3.1 Data Dictionary 181
9.3.2 Data Maintenance and Retrieval 182
9.3.3 Data Security 183
9.3.4 Backup and Recovery 183
Introduction to Science and Technology Paper-writing in English 189
Reading Materials 192
Relational Databases, Object-Oriented Databases, and
Database Administration 192
SUMMARY 195
CHAPTER 10 CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 196
10.1 Application Software 196
10.1.1 The Role of the Operating System 197
10.1.2 The Role of the User Interface 197
10.2 Productivity Software 198
10.2.1 Word Processing Software 198
10.2.2 Spreadsheet Software 198
10.2.3 Database Software 198
10.2.4 Presentation Graphics Software 199
10.2.5 Personal Information Managers 200
10.2.6 Software Suite 200
10.2.7 Project Management Software 201
10.2.8 Accounting Software 201
10.3 Graphics and Multimedia Software 201
10.3.1 Computer-Aided Design 202
10.3.2 Desktop Publishing Software (Professional) 202
10.3.3 Paint/Image Editing Software (Professional) 203
10.3.4 Video and Audio Editing Software 203
10.3.5 Multimedia Authoring Software 203
10.3.6 Web Page Authoring 203
10.4 Software for Communications 204
10.4.1 Groupware 204
10.4.2 Electronic Mail Software 204
10.4.3 Web Browsers 205
10.5 Programming Languages 205
10.5.1 Machine Languages 205
10.5.2 Assembly Languages 206
10.5.3 Third-Generation Languages 206
10.5.4 Fourth-Generation Languages 207
10.5.5 Natural Languages 208
10.5.6 Object-Oriented Program Development 208
Introduction to Writing Resume and Position- Applying Letters 216
Reading Materials 218
Popular Programming Languages and Web Page Program Development 218
SUMMARY 224
