個人簡介
1942年10月10日出生,湖南省常寧市人。台灣大學物理系學士,美國麻州州立大學物理系碩士,美國康乃爾大學套用物理系博士。
1937—1983年任美國海軍研究所研究員。1983年任清華大學物理系教授。2002年被聘為中央研究院院士。
人物履歷
朱國瑞教授從的專長為離子體物理,研究重點為電子迴旋脈射(Electron Cyclotron Maser, ECM)。ECM系靜磁場中迴旋的電子,基於相對論效應所產生的受激輻射(stimulated emission)現象。ECM輻射將電磁波的頻段及功率推進到前所未有的新境界,在電磁波頻譜的毫米及次毫米波段,占有獨特的地位。ECM輻射於核融合加熱、先進雷達、粒子加速、太空探測、材料處理、物性偵測及頻譜學等套用,發揮了高度的實用價值,同時輻射機制本身也具有高度的研究價值,為套用物理學門帶來了許多新的研究題材。
朱教授的主要學術工作為: (1)以相對論動力方程式,深入探討電子迴旋脈射到中的數學及物理問題,發現迴旋不穩定模式中,快、慢波之間的競爭關係,澄清了一個長久以來懸而未決的迴旋波激發機制問題; (2)發展非線性迴旋速調放大理論,完成一個功率超越state-of-the-art百倍的30 MW, 10 GHz 迴旋速調放大器設計,後於馬里蘭大學獲得實驗印證,CERN正委託工業界研製成品,擬套用於下一代加速器的研發; (3))發明並研究成功Ka頻段迴旋行波放大器,於頻寬、功率、增益及效率四個指標上,均超越屹立三十餘年的國際記錄,提供了開發新一代遠距離,高解析度雷達系統的關鍵技術,美國學術及工業界正進行後續研發,擬套用於太空站雷達性能的提昇; (4)配合國家大型計畫,將研究成果付諸實用,研製成功同步加速器的高頻系統及高功率毫米波發射器,啟動國內的微波管工業,並大幅提升國防雷達系統的自主能力。
主要成就
朱教授曾獲得國科會傑出研究獎、教育部首屆國家講座、教育部理科學術獎、總統科學獎傑、行政院傑出科技榮譽獎、IEEE 學會Plasma Science and Application Award及英國物理學會K J Button Medal and Prize,膺選為中華民國物理學會、美國物理學會、IEEE等學會之Fellow、及中央研究院院士。
出版著作
[2005] K. F. Pao, T. H. Chang, C. T. Fan, S. H. Chen, C. F. Yu, and K. R. Chu, “Dynamics of Mode Competition in the Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 185101 (2005).
[2004] K. R. Chu, “The Electron Cyclotron Maser,” Rev. of Modern Phys. 76, 489 (2004).
[2002] S. H. Chen, T. H. Chang, K. F. Pao, and K. R. Chu, " Study of Axial Modes in Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillators," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 268303 (2002).
[2001] T. H. Chang, S. H. Chen, L. R. Barnett, and K. R. Chu, "Characterization of Stationary and Non-stationary Behavior of Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 064802 (2001).
[2000] S. H. Chen, K. R. Chu, and T. H. Chang, "Saturated Behavior of Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2633 (2000).
[1998] K. R. Chu, H. Y. Chen, C. L. Hung, T. H. Chang, L. R. Barnett, S. H. Chen, and T. T. Yang, “An Ultra High Gain Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4760 (1998).
[1997] K. R. Chu, H. Guo, and V. L. Granatstein, “Theory of the Harmonic Multiplying Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4661 (1997).
[1995] K. R. Chu, L. R. Barnett, H. Y. Chen, S. H. Chen, Ch. Wang, Y. S. Yeh, Y. C. Tsai, T. T. Yang, and T. Y. Dawn, "Stabilization of Absolute Instabilities in the Gyrotron Travelling Wave Amplifier," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1103 (1995).
[1993] C. S. Kou, S. H. Chen, L. R. Barnett, H.Y. Chen, and K. R. Chu, "Experiments Study of an Injection Locked Gyrotron Backwave Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 924 (1993).
[1991] K. R. Chu and A. T. Lin, "Harmonic Gyroresonance of Electrons in Combined Helical Wiggler and Axial Guide Magnetic Fields," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3235 (1991).
[1989] L. R. Barnett, L. H. Chang, H. Y. Chen, K. R. Chu, W. K. Lau and C. C. Tu, "Absolute Instability Competition and Suppression in a Millimeter-Wave Gyrotron Traveling-Wave Amplifier," Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1062 (1989).
[1985] K. R. Chu, V. L. Granatstein, P. E. Latham, W. Lawson, and C. D. Striffier, "A 30 MW Gyroklystron Amplifier Design for High Energy Linear Accelerators," IEEE Trans. Plasma Science PS-13, 424 (1985).
1.[2005] K. F. Pao, T. H. Chang, C. T. Fan, S. H. Chen, C. F. Yu, and K. R. Chu, “Dynamics of Mode Competition in the Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 185101 (2005).
2.[2004] K. R. Chu, “The Electron Cyclotron Maser,” Rev. of Modern Phys. 76, 489 (2004).
3.[2002] S. H. Chen, T. H. Chang, K. F. Pao, and K. R. Chu, " Study of Axial Modes in Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillators," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 268303 (2002).
4.[2001] T. H. Chang, S. H. Chen, L. R. Barnett, and K. R. Chu, "Characterization of Stationary and Non-stationary Behavior of Gyrotron Backward Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 064802 (2001).
5.[2000] S. H. Chen, K. R. Chu, and T. H. Chang, "Saturated Behavior of Gyrotron Backward-Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2633 (2000).
6.[1998] K. R. Chu, H. Y. Chen, C. L. Hung, T. H. Chang, L. R. Barnett, S. H. Chen, and T. T. Yang, “An Ultra High Gain Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4760 (1998).
7.[1997] K. R. Chu, H. Guo, and V. L. Granatstein, “Theory of the Harmonic Multiplying Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4661 (1997).
8.[1995] K. R. Chu, L. R. Barnett, H. Y. Chen, S. H. Chen, Ch. Wang, Y. S. Yeh, Y. C. Tsai, T. T. Yang, and T. Y. Dawn, "Stabilization of Absolute Instabilities in the Gyrotron Travelling Wave Amplifier," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1103 (1995).
9.[1993] C. S. Kou, S. H. Chen, L. R. Barnett, H.Y. Chen, and K. R. Chu, "Experiments Study of an Injection Locked Gyrotron Backwave Wave Oscillator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 924 (1993).
10.[1991] K. R. Chu and A. T. Lin, "Harmonic Gyroresonance of Electrons in Combined Helical Wiggler and Axial Guide Magnetic Fields," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3235 (1991).
11.[1989] L. R. Barnett, L. H. Chang, H. Y. Chen, K. R. Chu, W. K. Lau and C. C. Tu, "Absolute Instability Competition and Suppression in a Millimeter-Wave Gyrotron Traveling-Wave Amplifier," Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1062 (1989).
12.[1985] K. R. Chu, V. L. Granatstein, P. E. Latham, W. Lawson, and C. D. Striffier, "A 30 MW Gyroklystron Amplifier Design for High Energy Linear Accelerators," IEEE Trans. Plasma Science PS-13, 424 (1985).