創作歷史背景
1814年在美國獨立戰爭中,詩人弗朗西斯·斯科特·基在巴爾的摩目睹了英軍對麥克亨利堡的進攻,和美軍的英勇抵抗。1814年9月13日凌晨,弗朗西斯·斯科特·基透過炮火的硝煙,看到一面美國國旗仍然在城堡上迎風飄揚,他被這景像深深感動,隨手在一封信的背後寫下了幾行詩。第二天,他把詩稿送給法官尼科爾遜(Nicholson),得到大力讚賞,並建議用一首當時非常流行的曲子JohnStaffordSmith作曲的“ToAnacreoninHeaven”做為配曲,原先的名稱為《保衛麥克亨利要塞》(DefenseofFortMcHenry)。後來取歌名為“星條旗之歌”(TheStarSpangledBanner),這首歌深受美國人民的喜愛,很快就傳遍全國。1931年被正式定為美利堅合眾國的國歌。《保衛麥亨利要塞》的原稿通常在巴爾的摩市的馬里蘭歷史學會展出,而要塞的那面國旗自1930年代以來一直保存在史密森尼博物館。共有四組歌詞,但實際上幾乎只唱第一組歌詞,不唱其他歌詞,尤其是第三組帶有反英情緒的歌詞。而蘇薩的著名進行曲《星條旗永不落》經常被誤認為是美國國歌,是不正確的。
易混淆
1972年,美國總統尼克森訪問中國,期間軍樂團演奏的即為《星條旗永不落》。許多民眾誤以為此即美國國歌,因此美國正式國歌TheStar-SpangledBanner的錯誤譯法“星條旗永不落”流傳甚廣。美國國家法令(TheUnitedStatesCode)170條規定《星條旗之歌》(TheStar-SpangledBanner)為美國國歌(NationalAnthem),188條規定《星條旗永不落》為美國進行曲(NationalMarch)。歌詞賞析
中英文對照
第一段
I.Oh, say can you see? by the dawn's early light,(喔,你可看見,透過一線曙光,)
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?(我們對著什麼,發出歡呼的聲浪?)
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,(誰的闊條明星,冒著一夜炮火,)
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?(依然迎風招展,在我軍碉堡上?)
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,(火炮閃閃發光,炸彈轟轟作響,)
Gave proof thru the night that our flag was still there.(它們都是見證,國旗安然無恙。)
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave(你看星條旗不是還高高飄揚)
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?(在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉?)
第二段
II.On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,(透過稠密的霧,隱約望見對岸,)
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,(頑敵正在酣睡,四周沉寂闌珊。)
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,(微風斷斷續續,吹過峻崖之巔,)
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?(你說那是什麼,風中半隱半現?)
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,(現在它的身上,映著朝霞爛漫,)
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:(凌空照在水面,霎時紅光一片。)
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave(這就是星條旗,願它永遠飄揚)
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.(在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。)
第三段
III.And where is that band who so vauntingly swore(都到哪裡去了,信誓旦旦的人們?)
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,(他們嚮往的是能在戰爭中倖存,)
A home and a country should leave us no more!(家鄉和祖國,不要拋棄我們。)
Their blood has washed out of of their foul footsteps' pollution.(他們自己用血,洗清骯髒的腳印。)
No refuge could save the hireling and slave'(那些奴才、傭兵,沒有地方藏身,)
From the terror of flight and the gloom of the grave:(逃脫不了失敗和死亡的命運。)
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave(但是星條旗卻將要永遠飄揚)
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.(在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。)
第四段
IV.Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand(玉碎還是瓦全,擺在我們面前,)
Between their loved home and the war's desolation!(自由人將奮起保衛國旗長招展。)
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land(祖國自有天相,勝利和平在望;)
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.(建國家,保家鄉,感謝上帝的力量。)
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,(我們一定得勝,正義屬於我方,)
And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."(“我們信賴上帝,”此語永矢不忘。)
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave(你看星條旗將永遠高高飄揚)
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.(在這自由國家,勇士的家鄉。)