基本定義
方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常見的引導詞有表示“像……”的as和表示“好像……”的as if/as though， 例如： Let’s study as Lei Feng studied. 讓我們像雷鋒那樣學習吧。// Think as I think. 像我這樣去想。// He talks as if/though he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他好像醉了。
1. 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1） as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後，但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用於正式文體，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2） as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"。這兩個連詞經常用在be，act，appear，behave，fell，look，seem，smell，sound，taste及其他描寫行為舉止的動詞之後，引導一個方式從句。例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）
說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.
他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要說什麼似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波濤衝擊著岩石，好像很憤怒。
as if 和as though 引導的從句中的時態取決於說話者對所談內容的態度。若說話者認為其看法是真的貨可能會成為事實，從句謂語就按常規變化。
例如：
He looks as if he is angry.
他看上去好像生氣了。
It looked as if there would be an exciting race.
看來要有一場激動人心的比賽。
When the soaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed，the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.
當宇宙飛船以巨大的速度離開地球時，太空人們覺得自己好像正在被壓向宇宙飛船的底壁上去。
如果從句的內容是不真實的，是與事實相反的，從句的謂語時態要用虛擬語氣。主句謂語用一般現在時態，對從句的謂語形式沒有影響。
例如：
He cated just as if he were afraid.
他裝得好像很害怕的樣子。
He behaves as if he were a child.
他的舉止就像個孩子。
2.其他的引導詞
1）the way：Please pronounce the word the way I do.請照我這樣,讀這個單詞.
2）口語常用的like：He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面帶微笑坐在那兒,像是過生日似的. （這裡用了虛擬語氣，值得注意的是be動詞用的was，而表示虛擬as if引導的be動詞則只能是were。）
狀語從句的簡化♠狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
3）固定句式：A is to B what C is to D 例如：
Nine is to three what three is to one.
另外，比較狀語從句經常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行"簡化"。狀語從句的"簡化"現象在口語中較為普遍,而且在聯考中的復現率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。
狀語從句的"簡化"現象常存在於以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句;④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。
(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用於以下幾種情形:
連詞+形容詞
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學會了騎腳踏車。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。
連詞+名詞
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩子時代就樂於助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.儘管他曾是個農民,但他已經是位著名的導演了。
連詞+現在分詞
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.儘管他一直在學數學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。
連詞+過去分詞
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那裡。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
連詞+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當時他站起來好像要說什麼。
He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。
連詞+介詞短語
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。
解析：當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結構來表達，不能用其他形式表達。
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當會議結束時,人們都走出了會議室。=The meeting over,
as引導方式狀語從句限制定語從句和非限制定語從句的區別
1. 方式狀語從句:方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as„so„, as if, as though引導。 1)as引導行為方式狀語從句時,意為“如同„„”､“按照„„的方式(樣子,辦法)”｡這種從句常位於主句之後｡例如:
You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必須像我這樣拿工具｡ Leave the things as they are. 別動這些東西｡
We must do as the Party tells us (to do). 我們必須按照黨的指示辦事｡
2)(just) as„so„結構中位於句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如„"，"就像"，多用於正式文體.
例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2) as if/though引導的方式狀語從句比較容易區分,這裡不做解釋.
2. as引導限制性定語從句時,構成“the same ... as ...”, “such ... as ...”, “as many (much, few, little) ... as ...”等結構｡ as可替代先行詞,在從句中作主語､表語､賓語或狀語｡ 例如: He isn’t the same person as he used to be. 他不再是過去那個樣子了｡
I have never heard such a story as he is telling. 我從來沒有聽見過像他正在講述的這種故事｡
Here is a bottle of pure water. You may use as much of it as you need. 這裡有一瓶純淨水,你需要多少就用多少｡
This is the same watch as I have lost. 這塊表和我丟失的那塊表一樣｡
In those days, many youths lived in the same way as the villagers did in the mountains. 那些日子裡很多青年人跟山區的老百姓一樣生活｡
3. as引導的非限制性定語從句,可以修飾整個主句和主句中的一部分｡從句可位於主句之前､句中或主句之後,通常用逗號將其與主句隔開｡這時as可譯為“正如”､“正像”｡例如:
As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如報紙上報導的那樣,兩國之間的會談正取得進展｡
He is an Englishman, as I know from his accent. 從他的口音,我知道他是英國人｡ As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner. 像往常那樣,他吃完飯後就出去散步了｡
As is often the case, we have overfulfilled the production plan this year. 像往常一樣,我們今年又超額完成了生產計畫｡
This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating. 正如人們所料,這台機器已停止轉動了｡
He came very early this morning, as (was) usual. 像往常一樣,他今天早上來得很早｡ 常見的這種定語從句還有: as has been said before(如前所述); as is mentioned above(如上面提到的); as may be imagined(正如可想像的那樣); as is well known to us all(眾所周知); as (sb) all know(眾所周知); as often happens(正如經常發生的那樣); as has already been pointed out(正如已經指出的那樣); as we all can see(正像我們都能看到的那樣)等｡
例題解析
[考題1] When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____. (1995)
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
[答案] C
[解析] 當說話者認為句子所述的是真實情況或者是極有可能發生、 存在的情況時， as if/though引導的方式狀語從句需用陳述語氣形式。 但表示所敘述的情況與事實相反時as if從句中應使用虛擬語氣。注意比較以下兩個例句：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
前一句表示“他已經醉了”， 後一句則表示“他沒有醉”。
[考題2] Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____ yesterday. (2006)
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D. happened
[答案] D
[解析] as if後的謂語動詞應採用一般過去時的形式與狀語yesterday搭配， 表示對正在發生的真實情況的虛擬。
