圖書信息
出版社: 文物出版社; 第1版 (2010年10月1日)
精裝: 412頁
正文語種: 簡體中文
開本: 16
ISBN: 9787501030361
條形碼: 9787501030361
尺寸: 28.6 x 21.4 x 3 cm
重量: 1.5 Kg
內容簡介
An Excavation Report on Gaochang Cemetery
(Abstract)
The "South -to- North Water Diversion Project" is another
large -scale hydraulic engineering work following the "Three
Gorgeous Projects" , and also another startling move of Chinese
government. The archaeological work, which coordinates with this
project, has become an urgent and arduous task for the three
provinces and one city along the line.
In the summer of 2002, from the end of 2003 to the beginning
of 2004, and during the autumn season of the same year, Hebei
Province -acting in concert with the water project -successively
launched three archaeological investigation, exploration and
primary excavation work, eventually fixing on 114 sites with
abundant remaining relics. On the basis of importance and
preservation conditions, all these sites were classified into "A,
B, C, D" four levels as requested, among which Gaochang cemetery
was designated as Level B.
Lasting from May 11, 2005 to September 30, the exploration
and excavation work at Gaochang cemetery was completed to explore
an area of 5000 square metres, 131 tombs. Among all these tombs,
there are 7 earthen - shafts of the warring States Period, 92
earthen - shafts of the Western Han Dynasty, 20 brick - chambered
tombs of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, 6 were from the
Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, one from the Song Dynasty,
one earthen - shaft of the Qing Dynasty, and four unknown tombs,
unearthing more than 700 sets of numbered funeral objects such as
pottery, copper, iron, agate , porcelain, bone, glass, paint,etc.
All the relevant information of the 131 excavated tomb are covered
by this report.
The report consists of three parts: Part I is an overview;
Part 11 is the tombs' information;Part m is a preliminary study.
The first part is divided into three chapters, each depicting the
general situation of the cemetery and the working methods,
profiles, contents as well as the collation and compilation of
materials, etc. Part 11 starts with the tombs' era as a
framework, then recounts them one by one in the order from small
to big serial numbers. Each tomb, whether robbed or not, relies on
raw material as its basis, then goes through indoor collation of
materials and restoration and checking of objects, and then
respectively depicted according to each tomb' s position, time of
excavation, status quo of its preservation, filling' s color and
composition,the tomb' s structure, the positions of coffins,
bones, burial objects and the features of every burial object.
Generally, each tomb has an attached profile, some of them also
has photos. Burial objects has attached outline drawings based on
the tombs, the better and more intact one is the choice from the
same items.
Part III of preliminary study involves seven chapters:
cemetery overview; tombs' structure and the combination of burial
objects; burial objects, decorative pottery of the Warring States
Period and the Han Dynasty ; co - burial of different graves among
the earthen - shafts of the Westeru Han Dynasty ; the transition
from earthen - shafts to brick - chambered tombs ; the tombs' era
and the owner' s speculation.
"Cemetery overview" summarizes how the tombs of different
periods surround a rock mound,meanwhile generalizes the main
burial customs. In the order of time periods, the chapter of
"tombs' structure and the combination of burial objects" concludes
the characteristics of tombs'struture, respectively from the
filling, tombs' direction and size, tombs' furniture, skeleton,
the combination of burial objects, etc. The conclusion, which is
about the features of 92 earthen - shafts of the Western Han
Dynasty, is particularly detailed. It divides the pottery of the
burial objects into 7 combinations, among which the gallipots or
the daily combination of gallipots and pottery bowls are the most
common. The chapter of "burial objects" - also in the order of
time - generalizes the burial objects of all periods, roughly
describing according to such classifications as pottery, copper,
iron, pewter, jade, glass, bone, lacquer, etc. The 7 tombs of the
Warring States Period and the 112 of the Western and Eastern Han
Dynasties vary greatly on the number and variety of burial
objects, as a result, independent forms of narrations are adopted.
The pottery is divided for their types and forms based on the
traditional method, each one is marked with the Unearthed number
as well as the general characteristic of its type and form,
moreover, each form is marked with the number of tombs containing
such items, and descriptive examples are also provided.
Chapter four of "decorative pottery of the Warring States
Period and the Han Dynasty" summarizes how the items were molded
and the main shapes of their various parts as well as the main
decoration methods and ornamental patterns. Furthermore, this
chapter also provides description along with drawings of rubbings
for the main patterns, such as whirling mark (鏇紋), cord mark,
chequer, impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋), nail
pattern, dancette and the combination of whirling mark (鏇紋),
fret pattern, cord mark; the combination of whirling mark (鏇紋),
chequer, cord mark; the combination of whirling mark (鏇紋), cord
mark,short - string pattern, the combination of whirling mark (鏇
紋), cord mark, impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋). The "
impressed complex of looped cord (繩圈印紋) " and its combination
are rare patterns, which not only can decorate but also locate the
'" ear" and the handle of an item. It' s one of the unique
patterns that prevailed in certain areas during the Han Dynasty.
The chapter - " co - burial of different graves among the
earthen - shafts of the Western Hart Dynasty" - cites the 34
tombs of Western Han Dynasty of Gaochang cemetery as concrete
demonstrations, every two tombs make up a group and are side by
side, which clarifies the prevalent "husband and wife buried
together" during the earthen - shafts period. This chapter also
expounds that the idea of " male superiority" almost dominated the
whole class society of China, the idea is also reflected in the
burial position of men and women due to their different social
status." Right is superior, left is inferior" - such idea was
widespread, especially in the Warring States Period and the Han
Dynasty, in line with this idea, the social reality of "male left,
female right"when burying has come into being in most of the
areas.
Another significant accomplishment of the excavation in
Gaochang Cemetery is the transition from earthen -shafts to brick
-chambered tombs, by analyzing several tombs of special styles of
this particular period such as brick - framed tombs and also brick
- framed ones with flat tops, for the first time, however, this
article has clearly claimed that such styles were of popularity in
certain areas during the transition period from earthen - shafts
to brick - chambered tombs. They still maintained the structure
of wooden coffin of the earthen - shafts period, at the same time
adopted brick frames and flat tops, even without evident tomb
doors and passage ways, they are much more primitive than brick-
spanned tops and domed tops of mature periods.
The last chapter involves the tombs' era and the owner' s
speculation, by making contrasts between tombs of major periods
and recently - published materials on the same period, then
leading to inference about the tombs' relative times, with
particularly detailed classification on the most tombs of Han
Dynasty according to different time periods. Based on the above -
mentioned analysis about the structure of tombs and conclusions
about the combination of burial objects as well as their types and
forms, meanwhile taking the unearthed coins into consideration,
this chapter divides the tombs of Han Dynasty into five periods:
the early Western Han Dynasty, the mid-Western Han Dynasty, the
late Western Han Dynasty, the end of Western Han Dynasty to the
early Eastern Han Dynasty, the middle and late Eastern Han
Dynasty.
目錄
序言
第一章 概述
第一節 墓地概況及工作方法
第二節 工作概況及內容
第三節 材料整理與編寫
第二章 墓葬資料
第一節 戰國時期墓葬
一 M65
二 M77
三 M82
四 M102
五 M105
六 M106
七 M128
第二節 西漢時期土坑墓葬
一 M1
二 M2
三 M3
四 M4
五 M5
六 M6
七 M7
八 M8
九 M9
一0 M10
一一 M11
一二 M12
一三 M13
一四 M14
一五 M15
一六 M16
一七 M17
一八 M20
一九 M23
二0 M25
二一 M27
二二 M28
二三 M29
二四 M30
二五 M31
二六 M32
二七 M33
二八 M34
二九 M35
三0 M36
三一 M37
三二 M38
三三 M39
三四 M40
三五 M41
三六 M42
三七 M43
三八 M45
三九 M46
四0 M48
四一 M49
四二 M50
四三 M51
四四 M52
四五 M53
四六 M54
四七 M55
四八 M56
四九 M57
五0 M58
五一 M59
五二 M60
五三 M62
五四 M63
五五 M66
五六 M67
五七 M68
五八 M69
五九 M71
六0 M72
六一 M73
六二 M74
六三 M75
六四 M76
六五 M81
六六 M83
六七 M86
六八 M87
六九 M89
七0 M95
七一 M96
七二 M97
七三 M98
七四 M99
七五 M101
七六 M103
七七 M104
七八 M107
七九 M108
八0 M109
八一 M113
八二 M115
八三 M116
八四 M117
八五 M118
八六 M121
八七 M122
八八 M123
八九 M124
九0 M125-
九一 M126
九二 M127
第三節 兩漢時期磚室墓葬
一 m61
二 M64
三 M70
四 M78
五 M79
六 M80
七 M84
八 M85
九 M88
一0 M90
一一 M91
一二 M92
一三 M93
一四 M94
一五 M100
一六 M114
一七 M120
一八 M129
一九M130
二0 M131
第四節 北朝—隋代墓葬
一 M18
二 M19
三 M21
四 M22
五 M24
六 M26
第五節 宋代墓葬
一 M112
第六節 清代墓葬
一 M47
第七節 年代不明墓葬
一 M44
二 M110
三 M111
四 M119
第三章 初步研究
第一節 墓地綜述
第二節 墓葬形制及出土器物組合
一 戰國時期墓葬
二 西漢時期土坑墓葬
三 兩漢時期磚室墓葬
四 北朝至隋代磚室墓葬
五 宋代墓葬
六 清代墓葬
第三節 出土器物
一 戰國時期墓葬
二 兩漢時期墓葬
三 北朝至隋代墓葬
四 宋代墓葬
五 清代墓葬
第四節 戰國、漢代陶器裝飾
第五節 西漢土坑墓葬中的異穴合葬
第六節 土坑墓葬向磚室墓葬的過渡
第七節 墓葬年代及墓主推測
一 戰國時期墓葬
二 兩漢時期墓葬
三 北朝至隋代墓葬
四 宋代墓葬
五 清代墓葬
第八節 結語
附表 高昌墓地出土器物登記表
後記
英文提要
